Michigan · House Bill · 102nd Legislature, Regular Session of 2023
HB5143
Michigan HB 5143 — Act No. 264, Public Acts of 2023: An Act to amend 1976 PA 388, section 2 (MCL 169.202), to define artificial intelligence in the Michigan Campaign Finance Act

Status ● Enacted Effective Feb 13, 2024 Passage Likelihood N/A

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
No enforcement mechanism established by this bill. This bill solely adds a definition of 'artificial intelligence' to the Michigan Campaign Finance Act (1976 PA 388). Enforcement of the Campaign Finance Act is administered by the Michigan Secretary of State and the Department of State.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
This bill establishes no independent remedies. It adds a definitional provision to the Michigan Campaign Finance Act; remedies for violations of that Act are governed by existing provisions of 1976 PA 388.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
MCL 169.202
Definitions for the Michigan Campaign Finance Act

(1) Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, and that uses machine and human-based inputs to do all of the following: (a) Perceive real and virtual environments. (b) Abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner. (c) Use model inference to formulate options for information or action.MCL 169.202(1) means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, and that uses machine and human-based inputs to do all of the following: (a) Perceive real and virtual environments. (b) Abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner. (c) Use model inference to formulate options for information or action.

(2) AwardAward"Award" means a plaque, trophy, certificate, bust, ceremonial gavel, or memento.MCL 169.202(2) means a plaque, trophy, certificate, bust, ceremonial gavel, or memento.

(3) Ballot questionBallot question"Ballot question" means a question that is submitted or is intended to be submitted to a popular vote at an election whether or not it qualifies for the ballot.MCL 169.202(3) means a question that is submitted or is intended to be submitted to a popular vote at an election whether or not it qualifies for the ballot.

(4) Ballot question committeeBallot question committee"Ballot question committee" means a committee acting in support of, or in opposition to, the qualification, passage, or defeat of a ballot question but that does not receive contributions or make expenditures or contributions for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the action of the voters for or against the nomination or election of a candidate.MCL 169.202(4) means a committee acting in support of, or in opposition to, the qualification, passage, or defeat of a ballot questionBallot question"Ballot question" means a question that is submitted or is intended to be submitted to a popular vote at an election whether or not it qualifies for the ballot.MCL 169.202(3) but that does not receive contributions or make expenditures or contributions for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the action of the voters for or against the nomination or election of a candidate.

(5) BundleBundle"Bundle" means for a bundling committee to deliver 1 or more contributions from individuals to the candidate committee of a candidate for statewide elective office, without the money becoming money of the bundling committee.MCL 169.202(5) means for a bundling committeeBundling committee"Bundling committee" means an independent committee or political committee that makes an expenditure to solicit or collect from individuals contributions that are to be part of a bundled contribution, which expenditure is required to be reported as an in-kind expenditure for a candidate for statewide elective office.MCL 169.202(6) to deliver 1 or more contributions from individuals to the candidate committee of a candidate for statewide elective office, without the money becoming money of the bundling committeeBundling committee"Bundling committee" means an independent committee or political committee that makes an expenditure to solicit or collect from individuals contributions that are to be part of a bundled contribution, which expenditure is required to be reported as an in-kind expenditure for a candidate for statewide elective office.MCL 169.202(6).

(6) Bundling committeeBundling committee"Bundling committee" means an independent committee or political committee that makes an expenditure to solicit or collect from individuals contributions that are to be part of a bundled contribution, which expenditure is required to be reported as an in-kind expenditure for a candidate for statewide elective office.MCL 169.202(6) means an independent committee or political committee that makes an expenditure to solicit or collect from individuals contributions that are to be part of a bundled contribution, which expenditure is required to be reported as an in-kind expenditure for a candidate for statewide elective office.

(7) BusinessBusiness"Business" means a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, sole proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization, self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company, receivership, trust, activity, or entity that is organized for profit or nonprofit purposes.MCL 169.202(7) means a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, sole proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization, self-employed individual, holding company, joint stock company, receivership, trust, activity, or entity that is organized for profit or nonprofit purposes.

This section amends the definitions provision of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act to insert a new definition of artificial intelligence. The definition describes AI as a machine-based system that perceives environments, abstracts perceptions into models through automated analysis, and uses model inference to formulate options for information or action, all in service of human-defined objectives. The remaining definitions in the section — award, ballot question, ballot question committee, bundle, bundling committee, and business — are carried forward from prior law without substantive change.

Critically, this bill creates no standalone compliance obligations. The definition is the enabling infrastructure for companion bill HB 5141, to which HB 5143 is tie-barred; the substantive obligations governing AI use in campaign finance contexts are established by that companion bill.

Enacting Section 1
Conditional effectiveness (tie bar with HB 5141)

Enacting section 1. This amendatory act does not take effect unless House Bill No. 5141 of the 102nd Legislature is enacted into law.

This enacting section conditions the effectiveness of HB 5143 on the enactment of HB 5141 of the 102nd Legislature. This tie bar ensures the definitional amendment only takes effect if the companion bill establishing substantive campaign finance obligations related to AI is also enacted into law.

Passage Likelihood

Enacted
Status Enacted

Legislative History

2023-10-12 Introduced By Representative Matt Bierlein
2023-10-12 Read A First Time
2023-10-12 Referred To Committee On Elections
2023-10-17 Bill Electronically Reproduced 10/12/2023
2023-10-17 Reported With Recommendation Without Amendment
2023-10-17 Referred To Second Reading
2023-10-31 Read A Second Time
2023-10-31 Placed On Third Reading
2023-11-01 Read A Third Time
2023-11-01 Passed; Given Immediate Effect Roll Call # 446 Yeas 63 Nays 47 Excused 0 Not Voting 0
2023-11-01 Rep. Joseph Aragona Removed As Cosponsor
2023-11-01 Transmitted
2023-11-02 Referred To Committee On Elections And Ethics
2023-11-09 Reported By Committee Of The Whole Favorably With Substitute (s-1)
2023-11-09 Reported Favorably With Substitute (s-1)
2023-11-09 Referred To Committee Of The Whole With Substitute (s-1)
2023-11-09 Substitute (s-1) Concurred In
2023-11-09 Placed On Order Of Third Reading With Substitute (s-1)
2023-11-09 Rules Suspended
2023-11-09 Placed On Immediate Passage
2023-11-09 Passed Roll Call # 735 Yeas 20 Nays 16 Excused 2 Not Voting 0
2023-11-09 Inserted Full Title
2023-11-09 Returned From Senate With Substitute (s-1) With Full Title
2023-11-09 Laid Over One Day Under The Rules
2023-11-09 Rule Suspended
2023-11-09 Senate Substitute (s-1) Concurred In
2023-11-09 Roll Call Roll Call # 584 Yeas 61 Nays 45 Excused 0 Not Voting 4
2023-11-09 Full Title Agreed To
2023-11-09 Bill Ordered Enrolled
2023-12-31 Presented To The Governor 11/21/2023 10:04 Am
2023-12-31 Approved By The Governor 11/30/2023 12:42 Pm
2023-12-31 Filed With Secretary Of State 12/01/2023 11:28 Am
2023-12-31 Assigned Pa 264'23

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-16
AI generated