WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE
How Is This Bill Enforced
Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.
(1)(a)–(d) 1 An AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) is strictly liable for personal injury, death, or damage to property if all of the following apply: (a) An AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) provided by the AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) is used to identify an individual or vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). (b) The AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) misidentifies the individual or vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). (c) Law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) acts because the AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) misidentified the individual or vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). (d) The act described in subdivision (c) causes the personal injury, death, or property damage.
(2)(a)–(c) 1 Except as provided in subsection (3), all of the following are reasonably foreseeable consequences of misidentification by an AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) and do not reduce or eliminate the liability imposed on an AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) under this section: (a) An intentional act by law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) to detain a misidentified individual or an occupant of a misidentified vehicleMisidentified vehicle"Misidentified vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicle that is targeted by law enforcement because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicle. (ii) A vehicle that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicle. For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicle's license plate.MCL 600.2980(6)(d), including an act that is reasonable to ordinary law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) under the circumstances of the nature and severity of misconduct that is incorrectly attributed to the misidentified individual, misidentified vehicleMisidentified vehicle"Misidentified vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicle that is targeted by law enforcement because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicle. (ii) A vehicle that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicle. For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicle's license plate.MCL 600.2980(6)(d), or occupant of the misidentified vehicleMisidentified vehicle"Misidentified vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicle that is targeted by law enforcement because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicle. (ii) A vehicle that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicle. For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicle's license plate.MCL 600.2980(6)(d) because of the misidentification. (b) An intentional act by a misidentified individual or an occupant of a misidentified vehicleMisidentified vehicle"Misidentified vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicle that is targeted by law enforcement because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicle. (ii) A vehicle that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicle. For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicle's license plate.MCL 600.2980(6)(d) if the act is foreseeable under the circumstances that the individual or occupant believes that law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) is acting without lawful authority, including, but not limited to, an act to resist, obstruct, or oppose law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) as those terms are applied under section 81d of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.81d. (c) An intentional act by law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) that is within law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c)'s lawful authority to respond to an act described in subdivision (b).
(3)(a)–(d) 1 An act described in subsection (2) is not a reasonably foreseeable consequence of misidentification by an AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) and reduces or eliminates the liability imposed on an AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) under this section if any of the following apply: (a) An act described in subsection (2)(a) is within law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c)'s lawful authority based on information known to law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) independently of the misidentification by the AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a). (b) An act described in subsection (2)(b) is in response to an act by law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) that is within law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c)'s lawful authority based on information known to law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) independently of the misidentification by the AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a). (c) An act described in subsection (2)(c) is in response to an act that meets the requirements under subdivision (b). (d) Except for an act described in subsection (2)(b), an act by the plaintiff is both of the following: (i) Known to law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c). (ii) Justifies detention of the plaintiff independently from the misidentification by the AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a).
(4) 2 An AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) may not waive, limit, or transfer liability imposed on the AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) under this section, including a waiver, limitation, or transfer by agreement with law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) or a unit of government. The portion of an agreement that purports to waive, limit, or transfer liability imposed on an AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b) under this section is void. This subsection does not apply to an insurance policy purchased by the AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b). This subsection applies to agreements that are entered, amended, extended, or otherwise modified on or after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section.
(5) Section 2946a does not apply to this section.
(6) As used in this section: (a) "AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a)" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f) that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). (b) "AI detection tool providerAI detection tool provider"AI detection tool provider" means a person that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection tool to law enforcement, a local unit of government, or any other entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(b)" means a personPerson"Person" means an individual or a partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(e) that manufactures, sells, leases, or distributes an AI detection toolAI detection tool"AI detection tool" means a system of 1 or more mobile or fixed automated cameras that capture 1 or more images of an individual or vehicle that are processed with artificial intelligence to identify the individual or vehicle.MCL 600.2980(6)(a) to law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c), a local unit of government, or any other entity. (c) "Law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c)" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice. (d) "Misidentified vehicleMisidentified vehicle"Misidentified vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicle that is targeted by law enforcement because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicle. (ii) A vehicle that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicle. For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicle" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicle's license plate.MCL 600.2980(6)(d)" includes, but is not limited to, either of the following: (i) A vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f) that is targeted by law enforcementLaw enforcement"Law enforcement" includes all of the following: (i) A police officer of this state or of a political subdivision of this state, including, but not limited to, a motor carrier officer or capitol security officer of the department of state police. (ii) A police officer of a junior college, college, or university who is authorized by the governing board of that junior college, college, or university to enforce state law and the rules and ordinances of that junior college, college, or university. (iii) A conservation officer of the department of natural resources. (iv) A conservation officer of the United States Department of the Interior. (v) A sheriff or deputy sheriff. (vi) A constable. (vii) A peace officer of a duly authorized police agency of the United States, including, but not limited to, an agent of the United States Secret Service or United States Department of Justice.MCL 600.2980(6)(c) because of the misidentification of an owner or regular user of the vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). (ii) A vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f) that is misidentified based on the physical condition of the vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f). For the purposes of this subparagraph, "physical condition of the vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f)" includes, but is not limited to, the vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f)'s license plate. (e) "PersonPerson"Person" means an individual or a partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity.MCL 600.2980(6)(e)" means an individual or a partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. (f) "VehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f)" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicleVehicle"Vehicle" means that term as defined in section 79 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.MCL 600.2980(6)(f) code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.79.
This single new tort section imposes strict liability on any AI detection tool provider — a manufacturer, seller, lessor, or distributor of AI-driven camera identification systems — when its tool misidentifies an individual or vehicle, law enforcement acts on that misidentification, and the resulting action causes personal injury, death, or property damage. Liability attaches without any showing of fault or defect: the four-element trigger in subsection (1) is causal, not negligence-based.
Subsections (2) and (3) build an expansive proximate-cause framework. A broad set of downstream intentional acts — police detention of the misidentified person, the person's own resistance to what they reasonably believe is unlawful authority, and lawful police responses to that resistance — are deemed reasonably foreseeable and therefore do not break the causal chain, unless law enforcement was acting on independent lawful authority known apart from the misidentification.
The anti-waiver rule in subsection (4) is the operative compliance backstop: a provider cannot contract out of, cap, or shift this liability to law enforcement or a government unit, and any such contractual term is void (a provider's own insurance policy is exempt). Subsection (5) makes the Revised Judicature Act's product-liability limitation in Section 2946a inapplicable, removing a standard defense. The remainder of the section is definitional.