Minnesota · House Bill · Ninety-Fourth Session
HF1991
Minnesota HF 1991 — A bill for an act relating to commerce; prohibiting persons from allowing minors to access chatbots for recreational purposes; providing civil penalties; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 325M

Status ● Introduced Effective N/A Passage Likelihood L

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Dual enforcement. The Minnesota Attorney General may enforce under Minn. Stat. § 8.31. An individual injured by a violation may also bring a private civil action for damages, statutory damages, injunctive relief, and attorney fees.
Private Right of Action
Dual enforcement. The Minnesota Attorney General may enforce under Minn. Stat. § 8.31. An individual injured by a violation may also bring a private civil action for damages, statutory damages, injunctive relief, and attorney fees.
Penalties
Private plaintiffs may recover actual damages, statutory damages not to exceed $1,000, injunctive relief, and costs and reasonable attorney fees. In attorney general enforcement actions, a violator is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000,000.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Minn. Stat. § 325M.40
Minor Access to Chatbots
Deployer

Subd. 1 Subdivision 1. Definitions. (a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the meanings given. (b) "ChatbotChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b)" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet. (c) "MinorMinor"Minor" means an individual under the age of 18.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(c)" means an individual under the age of 18.

Subd. 2 1 Subd. 2. Prohibition. It is unlawful for a person who owns or controls a website, application, software, or program to allow a minorMinor"Minor" means an individual under the age of 18.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(c) to access chatbotsChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b) for recreational purposes.

Subd. 3 2 Subd. 3. Proof of age. A person who offers chatbotChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b) services for recreational purposes must require an individual to provide proof of the individual's age before allowing the individual to access a chatbotChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b).

Subd. 4(a) An individual injured by a violation of this section may bring a civil action for damages, statutory damages not to exceed $1,000, injunctive relief, and costs and reasonable attorney fees.

Subd. 4(b) The attorney general may enforce this section under section 8.31. In an action brought under this paragraph, the person who owns or controls a website, application, software, or program and violates this section is liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $5,000,000.

This section establishes a categorical prohibition on allowing minors to access chatbots for recreational purposes. The obligation falls on any person who owns or controls a website, application, software, or program — a broad formulation that captures both chatbot developers and platform operators without using a formal defined-entity term. The bill requires age verification before granting any chatbot access, creating an affirmative gatekeeping duty.

Enforcement is dual-track: injured individuals may bring private civil actions for actual damages, statutory damages up to $1,000, injunctive relief, and attorney fees; the Attorney General may pursue civil penalties up to $5,000,000 under Minn. Stat. § 8.31. Notably, the bill does not define "recreational purposes," leaving significant ambiguity about which chatbot use cases are in scope versus excluded (e.g., educational or health-related interactions).

Compliance actions 2 items
1
Persons who own or control a website, application, software, or program must not allow minorsMinor"Minor" means an individual under the age of 18.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(c) to access chatbotsChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b) for recreational purposes.
MN-01.11
2
Persons who offer chatbotChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b) services for recreational purposes must require proof of age from every individual before allowing access to a chatbotChatbot"Chatbot" means a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet.Minn. Stat. § 325M.40, Subd. 1(b).
MN-01.1

Passage Likelihood

Low
Status Introduced
Chamber No passage
Committee No action
Majority party No
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2025-03-06 Introduction and first reading, referred to Commerce Finance and Policy
2025-03-24 Author added Clardy
2026-05-14 Author added Smith

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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