Minnesota · House Bill · Ninety-Third Session
HF2048
Minnesota HF 2048 — A bill for an act relating to public safety; prohibiting the acquisition and use of facial recognition technology by government entities; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 626

Status ● Failed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood N/A

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Private right of action. Any person subjected to face recognition in violation of the section, or about whom information was obtained, retained, accessed, or used in violation of the section, may institute proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction against the government entity. A person may also institute proceedings for injunctive relief, declaratory relief, or writ of mandate. Violations by a government official may be addressed through retraining, suspension, or termination, subject to due process requirements. No designated agency enforcer.
Private Right of Action
Private right of action.
Penalties
Actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages of $1,000 or $100 for each violation, whichever is greater. Injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and writ of mandate are also available. The court shall award costs and reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing plaintiff. Evidence obtained in violation is excluded and data must be deleted upon discovery.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1
Definitions

(1) "face surveillanceface surveillance"face surveillance" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(1)" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;

(2) "face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2)" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillanceface surveillance"face surveillance" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(1);

(3) "government entitygovernment entity"government entity" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(3)" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency; and

(4) "government officialgovernment official"government official" means any person acting on behalf of a government entity.Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(4)" means any person acting on behalf of a government entitygovernment entity"government entity" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(3).

Subdivision 1 establishes the four defined terms used throughout the section. Face surveillance is broadly defined to include any automated or semiautomated process that identifies or captures information about individuals based on facial characteristics. Face surveillance system covers any software or application performing face surveillance. The covered entities — government entity and government official — sweep in all state and local government units, law enforcement agencies, and any person acting on their behalf.

Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 2
Ban on government use of face surveillance
Government

(1) 1 obtain, retain, access, or use any face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2) or any information obtained from a face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2); or

(2) 2 enter into an agreement or arrangement with a private entity to obtain, retain, access, or use any face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2) or any information obtained from a face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2).

Subdivision 2 imposes the bill's core prohibition: a categorical ban on government entities and officials obtaining, retaining, accessing, or using face surveillance systems or any information derived from them. The ban extends to indirect access — government entities may not contract with or arrange for private entities to provide face surveillance systems or data. This is an absolute prohibition with no exceptions for law enforcement exigency, judicial authorization, or consent.

Compliance actions 2 items
1
Government entities and government officialsgovernment official"government official" means any person acting on behalf of a government entity.Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(4) must not obtain, retain, access, or use any face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2) or any information obtained from a face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2).
S-02.2
2
Government entities and government officialsgovernment official"government official" means any person acting on behalf of a government entity.Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(4) must not enter into any agreement or arrangement with a private entity to obtain, retain, access, or use any face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2) or information obtained from a face surveillance systemface surveillance system"face surveillance system" means any computer software or application that performs face surveillance;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(2).
S-02.2
Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 3
Enforcement
Government

(a) 3 No data collected or derived from any use of face surveillanceface surveillance"face surveillance" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(1) in violation of this section and no evidence derived from its use may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, officer, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority subject to state law. Face surveillanceface surveillance"face surveillance" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(1) data collected or derived in violation of this section is considered unlawfully obtained, and must be deleted upon discovery.

(b) A violation of this section constitutes an injury and a person may institute proceedings for injunctive relief, declaratory relief, or writ of mandate in any court of competent jurisdiction. An action instituted under this paragraph may be brought against the respective government entitygovernment entity"government entity" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(3), and, if necessary to effectuate compliance with this section, any other government entitygovernment entity"government entity" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(3) with possession, custody, or control of data subject to this section.

(c) A person who has been subjected to face recognition in violation of this section, or about whom information has been obtained, retained, accessed, or used in violation of this section, may institute proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction against the government entitygovernment entity"government entity" means any state or local unit of government or law enforcement agency;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(3) and shall be entitled to recover actual damages, but not less than liquidated damages of $1,000 or $100 for each violation, whichever is greater.

(d) A court shall award costs and reasonable attorney fees to a plaintiff who is the prevailing party in an action brought under paragraph (b) or (c).

(e) Violations of this section by a government officialgovernment official"government official" means any person acting on behalf of a government entity.Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(4) may be addressed through retraining, suspension, or termination, subject to due process requirements.

Subdivision 3 establishes the enforcement framework for the ban. Paragraph (a) creates an evidentiary exclusionary rule: data collected or derived from face surveillance in violation of the section is inadmissible in any proceeding and must be deleted upon discovery. Paragraphs (b) through (d) create a private right of action with equitable and monetary remedies. Any person may seek injunctive relief, declaratory relief, or writ of mandate; persons subjected to unlawful face recognition may recover actual damages or liquidated damages of $1,000 or $100 per violation, whichever is greater. Prevailing plaintiffs are entitled to costs and reasonable attorney fees. Paragraph (e) addresses personnel consequences for government officials who violate the section.

Compliance actions 1 item
3
Government entities must delete all face surveillanceface surveillance"face surveillance" means an automated or semiautomated process that assists in identifying an individual or capturing information about an individual, based on the physical characteristics of an individual's face;Minn. Stat. § 626.191, subd. 1(1) data collected or derived in violation of this section upon discovery. No such data or evidence derived from it may be received in evidence in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding.

Passage Likelihood

Failed
Status Failed
Final action Introduction and first reading, referred to Taxes

Legislative History

2025-03-10 Introduction and first reading, referred to Taxes

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-16
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