New Jersey · Assembly Bill · 221st Legislature
AB1494
New Jersey Assembly Bill No. 1494 — An Act concerning biometric surveillance systems and supplementing P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-1 et seq.)

Status ● Failed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood L

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 2 REQUIREMENT TYPES

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Enforced by the Division of Consumer Affairs under the Consumer Fraud Act (P.L.1960, c.39; C.56:8-1 et seq.). The Attorney General may issue cease and desist orders. Injured parties may bring suit under the Consumer Fraud Act's existing private remedies. First-time violators have a 30-day cure period; penalties are waived upon demonstrating compliance within that window.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
Violations are unlawful practices under the Consumer Fraud Act. First offense: up to $10,000 per violation. Subsequent offense: up to $20,000 per violation. The Consumer Fraud Act provides for cease and desist orders, punitive damages, treble damages, and attorney's fees and costs to the injured party. First-violation penalty is waived if the business entity demonstrates compliance within 30 days.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Section 1
Definitions

As used in this section: "Biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1" means any computer software that performs facial recognitionFacial recognition"Facial recognition" means an automated or semi-automated process that assists in identifying a person or capturing information about a person based on the physical characteristics of the person's face, or that logs characteristics of a person's face, head, or body to infer emotion, associations, activities, or location of the person.Section 1 or other remote biometric recognition. "Business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction. "Facial recognitionFacial recognition"Facial recognition" means an automated or semi-automated process that assists in identifying a person or capturing information about a person based on the physical characteristics of the person's face, or that logs characteristics of a person's face, head, or body to infer emotion, associations, activities, or location of the person.Section 1" means an automated or semi-automated process that assists in identifying a person or capturing information about a person based on the physical characteristics of the person's face, or that logs characteristics of a person's face, head, or body to infer emotion, associations, activities, or location of the person.

Section 1 establishes the three key defined terms for the bill. Biometric surveillance system is defined broadly to encompass any computer software performing facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition. Facial recognition itself is defined expansively to cover not only identification but also emotion inference, association logging, activity tracking, and location inference based on face, head, or body characteristics. Business entity captures virtually every form of commercial organization.

Section 2
Conditions for use of biometric surveillance systems on premises
Deployer

a–b 1 a. It shall be an unlawful practice and a violation of P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-1 et seq.) for a business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 to use any biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 on a consumer at the physical premises of the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1, except as provided in subsection c. of this section. b. A business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 may use a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 on a consumer at the physical premises of the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1, if: (1) the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 provides clear and conspicuous notice to the consumer regarding its use of a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1; and (2) the biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 is used for a lawful purpose. The business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 may satisfy the notice requirement of paragraph (1) of this section by posting a sign in a conspicuous location at the perimeter of any area where a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 is being used.

c 2 c. If a business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 uses information obtained through a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 to deny a consumer access to its premises or to remove a consumer from its premises, the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 shall provide the consumer with a detailed explanation regarding its actions and the criteria used by the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 in making its determination.

d d. Upon being informed of a first violation, a business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 shall comply with the provisions of this act within 30 days. Upon demonstrating compliance, any penalty provided pursuant to P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-1 et seq.) shall be waived.

e e. In accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), the Director of the Division of Consumer Affairs may promulgate rules and regulations to effectuate the provisions of this section.

Section 2 is the bill's core operative provision. It makes it an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act for a business entity to use a biometric surveillance system on a consumer at the business's physical premises unless two conditions are met: clear and conspicuous notice is provided and the system is used for a lawful purpose. A sign posted at the perimeter of the surveilled area satisfies the notice requirement.

When a business entity uses biometric surveillance data to deny a consumer access or remove them from the premises, a separate and more demanding obligation is triggered: the business must provide the consumer with a detailed explanation of its actions and the criteria used. The section also establishes a 30-day cure period for first violations and grants rulemaking authority to the Director of the Division of Consumer Affairs.

Compliance actions 2 items
1
Business entities must provide clear and conspicuous notice to consumers before using a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 on them at the business's physical premises, and must use the system only for a lawful purpose. Notice may be satisfied by posting a sign at the perimeter of the surveilled area.
D-01.8
2
Business entities that use biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 data to deny a consumer access to or remove a consumer from their premises must provide the consumer with a detailed explanation of the actions taken and the criteria used in making the determination.
H-01.1
Section 3
Prohibition on sale or sharing of biometric surveillance data
Deployer

a–b 3 a. A business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1 shall not sell, lease, trade, share, or otherwise profit from information obtained through the business entityBusiness entity"Business entity" means any natural or legal person, business corporation, professional services corporation, limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, business trust, association, or any other legal commercial entity organized under the laws of this State or any other state or foreign jurisdiction.Section 1's use of a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 on a consumer. b. A violation of this section shall be an unlawful practice and a violation of P.L.1960, c.39 (C.56:8-1 et seq.).

Section 3 imposes a categorical prohibition on monetizing or sharing biometric surveillance data. Business entities may not sell, lease, trade, share, or otherwise profit from information obtained through their use of a biometric surveillance system on a consumer. Unlike Section 2's notice-based framework, this is an absolute prohibition with no exceptions. Violations constitute unlawful practices under the Consumer Fraud Act.

Compliance actions 1 item
3
Business entities must not sell, lease, trade, share, or otherwise profit from information obtained through their use of a biometric surveillance systemBiometric surveillance system"Biometric surveillance system" means any computer software that performs facial recognition or other remote biometric recognition.Section 1 on a consumer.
D-01.10
Section 4
Effective date

This act shall take effect on the first day of the sixth month following enactment.

Section 4 sets a delayed effective date of the first day of the sixth month following enactment, providing business entities a compliance runway.

Passage Likelihood

Failed
Status Failed
Final action Reported and Referred to Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee

Legislative History

2024-01-09 Introduced, Referred to Assembly Consumer Affairs Committee
2024-06-03 Reported and Referred to Assembly Science, Innovation and Technology Committee

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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