New York · Assembly Bill · 2025–2026 Regular Sessions
AB1509
New York Assembly Bill 1509 — An Act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring publishers of books created with the use of generative artificial intelligence to contain a disclosure of such use

Status ● Introduced Effective N/A Passage Likelihood L

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
No enforcement mechanism is specified in the bill. The bill does not designate an enforcement authority, create a private right of action, or prescribe penalties.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
The bill specifies no penalties, damages, or remedies of any kind. Enforcement would depend on the general remedies available under New York General Business Law.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Gen. Bus. Law § 338
Publishing of books; generative artificial intelligence disclosure
Publisher

(1) 1 Any book that was wholly or partially created through the use of generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"generative artificial intelligence" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.Gen. Bus. Law § 338(3), published in this state, shall conspicuously disclose upon the cover of the book, that such book was created with the use of generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"generative artificial intelligence" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.Gen. Bus. Law § 338(3).

(2) Books subject to the provisions of this section shall include, but not be limited to, all printed and digital books, regardless of such books' target age group or audience, consisting of text, pictures, audio, puzzles, games or any combination thereof.

(3) For the purposes of this section, "generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"generative artificial intelligence" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.Gen. Bus. Law § 338(3)" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.

Section 338 imposes a single, straightforward disclosure obligation: any book published in New York that was wholly or partially created through the use of generative AI must carry a conspicuous disclosure on its cover. The obligation runs to whoever publishes the book, though the bill does not formally define "publisher" as a covered entity term.

Subdivision 2 defines the scope of covered books broadly — all printed and digital books regardless of target audience, encompassing text, pictures, audio, puzzles, games, or any combination. Subdivision 3 provides an unusually expansive definition of "generative artificial intelligence" that reaches well beyond generative models to include essentially any AI or machine learning system. The bill contains no enforcement mechanism, penalties, or private right of action; compliance incentives would depend on general remedies available under New York General Business Law.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
Publishers must conspicuously disclose on the cover of any book published in New York that was wholly or partially created through the use of generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"generative artificial intelligence" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.Gen. Bus. Law § 338(3) that the book was created with the use of generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"generative artificial intelligence" shall mean the use of machine learning technology, software, automation, and algorithms to perform tasks, to make rules and/or predictions based on existing data sets and instructions, including, but not limited to: (a) Any artificial system that performs tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience and improve performance when exposed to data sets; (b) An artificial system developed in computer software, physical hardware, or other context that solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; (c) An artificial system designed to think or act like a human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks; (d) A set of techniques, including machine learning, that is designed to approximate a cognitive task; and/or (e) An artificial system designed to act rationally, including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision making, and acting.Gen. Bus. Law § 338(3). This applies to all printed and digital books regardless of target age group or audience, including those consisting of text, pictures, audio, puzzles, games, or any combination thereof.
T-02.1
NY AB 1509 § 2
Effective date

This act shall take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have become a law.

Section 2 provides that the act takes effect on the sixtieth day after it becomes law. No staged implementation or phased compliance timeline is specified.

Passage Likelihood

Low
Status Introduced
Chamber No passage
Committee No action
Majority party Yes
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2025-01-10 referred to consumer affairs and protection
2026-01-07 referred to consumer affairs and protection

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
AI generated