New York · Senate Bill · 2025–2026 Regular Session
SB10456
New York Senate Bill 10456 — An Act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring minimum standards for large frontier developer's frontier AI frameworks

Status ● Introduced Effective N/A Passage Likelihood L

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
The office within the Department of Financial Services is the regulatory authority responsible for adopting and enforcing minimum standards for large frontier developers' frontier AI frameworks. Enforcement is agency-initiated through rulemaking under the State Administrative Procedure Act. No private right of action is created by this bill.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
The bill does not specify penalties, damages, or remedies. Enforcement would be through regulations adopted by the office within the Department of Financial Services.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Gen. Bus. Law § 1430
Minimum standards for large frontier developers' frontier AI frameworks
DeveloperGovernment

(1) 1 The officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) shall adopt regulations no later than July first, two thousand twenty-eight pursuant to article two of the state administrative procedure act to require large frontier developersLarge frontier developerNot defined in this bill. Defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026, which this bill amends.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced)' frontier AI frameworksFrontier AI frameworkNot defined in this bill. Defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026, which this bill amends.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) to meet minimum standards in order to prevent unreasonable levels of catastrophic riskCatastrophic riskNot defined in this bill. Referenced as the harm threshold the minimum standards are intended to prevent. Likely defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law § 1430(1).

(2) 1 In developing regulations pursuant to this section, the officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) shall consider industry best practices, national and international standards, and laws and regulations in other states and jurisdictions.

(3) 1 The officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) shall solicit feedback from academia, the Empire AI research institute established under section three hundred sixty-one of the economic development law, the attorney general, members of civil society, frontier model developers, and foundation model developers in drafting such regulations.

(4) 2 The officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) shall review the regulations promulgated under this section on an annual basis. Where the officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) deems necessary, the officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) shall update such regulations to account for changes in scientific understanding of catastrophic riskCatastrophic riskNot defined in this bill. Referenced as the harm threshold the minimum standards are intended to prevent. Likely defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law § 1430(1), technical advancements in frontier models, critical safety incidents that have occurred, and/or identified gaps in existing regulations.

Section 1430 directs the office within the Department of Financial Services to adopt regulations establishing minimum standards for large frontier developers' frontier AI frameworks, with the explicit purpose of preventing unreasonable levels of catastrophic risk. The regulations must be adopted by July 1, 2028 under the State Administrative Procedure Act, ensuring a formal notice-and-comment rulemaking process.

The section requires the office to consider industry best practices, national and international standards, and laws in other jurisdictions — signaling an intent to align with emerging frameworks such as the NIST AI RMF and comparable state and international regulatory regimes. The office must also solicit input from a broad set of stakeholders including academia, the Empire AI research institute, the attorney general, civil society organizations, and both frontier and foundation model developers. Annual review and updating of the regulations is mandated to keep pace with evolving scientific understanding, technical advancements, safety incidents, and regulatory gaps.

Compliance actions 2 items
1
Large frontier developersLarge frontier developerNot defined in this bill. Defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026, which this bill amends.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) must ensure their frontier AI frameworksFrontier AI frameworkNot defined in this bill. Defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026, which this bill amends.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) meet minimum standards adopted by the officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) within the Department of Financial Services to prevent unreasonable levels of catastrophic riskCatastrophic riskNot defined in this bill. Referenced as the harm threshold the minimum standards are intended to prevent. Likely defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law § 1430(1). The officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) must adopt these regulations by July 1, 2028, considering industry best practices, national and international standards, and other jurisdictions' laws, and must solicit feedback from academia, the Empire AI research institute, the attorney general, civil society, frontier model developers, and foundation model developers.
S-03.5
2
The officeOfficeNot defined in this bill. Refers to an office within the Department of Financial Services as established by Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) must review frontier AI frameworkFrontier AI frameworkNot defined in this bill. Defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026, which this bill amends.Gen. Bus. Law Art. 44-B (referenced) regulations annually and update them as necessary to account for changes in scientific understanding of catastrophic riskCatastrophic riskNot defined in this bill. Referenced as the harm threshold the minimum standards are intended to prevent. Likely defined in Article 44-B of the general business law, as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026.Gen. Bus. Law § 1430(1), technical advancements in frontier models, critical safety incidents, and identified gaps in existing regulations.
S-03.5
§ 2 (Effective Date)
Effective date and contingency

This act shall take effect on the thirtieth day after it shall have become a law; provided, however, that if article 44-B of the general business law, as added by chapter 96 of the laws of 2026, shall not have taken effect on or before such date then this act shall take effect thirty days after such article takes effect.

The act takes effect on the thirtieth day after becoming law, but includes a contingency provision: if Article 44-B of the general business law (as added by Chapter 96 of the Laws of 2026) has not taken effect by that date, this act instead takes effect thirty days after Article 44-B takes effect. This ensures the bill's obligations do not activate before the underlying definitional and regulatory framework is operative.

Passage Likelihood

Low
Status Introduced
Chamber No passage
Committee No action
Majority party Yes
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2026-05-15 REFERRED TO INTERNET AND TECHNOLOGY

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
AI generated