Tennessee · Senate Bill · 113th General Assembly
SB2431
Tennessee Senate Bill 2431 — An Act to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, relative to the use of artificial intelligence

Status ● Enacted Effective Jul 1, 2024 Passage Likelihood N/A

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Dual enforcement. Private right of action: any person who has reason to believe a violation has occurred or is occurring may bring a cause of action in a court of competent jurisdiction. Attorney general and reporter enforcement: the attorney general and reporter has full investigative and enforcement authority under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 and may institute proceedings in Davidson County circuit or chancery court or any other venue permitted by law.
Private Right of Action
Private right of action: any person who has reason to believe a violation has occurred or is occurring may bring a cause of action in a court of competent jurisdiction.
Penalties
Mandatory injunction upon finding of violation. Prevailing party is awarded actual damages, punitive damages if any, and reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs. Additionally, violations constitute violations of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977, subjecting violators to the penalties and remedies available under that Act.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701
Definitions

(1) "Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" or "A.I.": (A) Means a machine-based system that: (i) Can, for a set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real and virtual environments without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience in an automated manner and improve the system's performance when exposed to data sets; or (ii) Is developed in any context, including software or physical hardware, and solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; and (B) Includes generative artificial intelligence;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(1)" or "A.I.": (A) Means a machine-based system that: (i) Can, for a set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real and virtual environments without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience in an automated manner and improve the system's performance when exposed to data sets; or (ii) Is developed in any context, including software or physical hardware, and solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; and (B) Includes generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"Generative artificial intelligence" means an artificial intelligence system that is capable of creating new content or data, including text, images, audio, or video, when prompted by an individual;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(4);

(2) "DisclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2)" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;

(3) "DistributeDistribute"Distribute" means to give content, including text, an image, audio, or video, directly to a person, or to disseminate the material in such a manner that the person disseminating the material should reasonably know the material will be accessed by other persons;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(3)" means to give content, including text, an image, audio, or video, directly to a personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6), or to disseminate the material in such a manner that the personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) disseminating the material should reasonably know the material will be accessed by other personsPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6);

(4) "Generative artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligence"Generative artificial intelligence" means an artificial intelligence system that is capable of creating new content or data, including text, images, audio, or video, when prompted by an individual;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(4)" means an artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" or "A.I.": (A) Means a machine-based system that: (i) Can, for a set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real and virtual environments without significant human oversight, or that can learn from experience in an automated manner and improve the system's performance when exposed to data sets; or (ii) Is developed in any context, including software or physical hardware, and solves tasks requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning, learning, communication, or physical action; and (B) Includes generative artificial intelligence;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(1) system that is capable of creating new content or data, including text, images, audio, or video, when prompted by an individual;

(5) "LikenessLikeness"Likeness" means an individual's specific image or appearance or voice;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(5)" means an individual's specific image or appearance or voice; and

(6) "PersonPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6)" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.

This section establishes the defined terms for the new part. Artificial intelligence is defined broadly to include both predictive/decision-making systems and systems that solve tasks requiring human-like cognition, and expressly includes generative artificial intelligence. Disclosure is defined as a clear and conspicuous notice appropriate for the medium that identifies content as AI-generated. Likeness covers an individual's image, appearance, or voice. Person includes both individuals and entities.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5702
AI content disclosure requirement
Publisher

(a)(1)–(2) 1 A personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) shall include a disclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2) on the following content when it is generated using A.I.: (A) An image, video, or audio recording, including a song, using the likeness of another individual; or (B) A piece of literature or other written work, including a news story, when the literature or other written work is written by an individual other than the individual listed as the author. (2) The disclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2) must be implemented prior to distribution of the content within this state and is required regardless of whether consent to create the content was given by the individual whose likenessLikeness"Likeness" means an individual's specific image or appearance or voice;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(5) or writing is depicted.

(b) 1 The disclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2) required by subsection (a) must be included regardless of whether the content is distributed: (1) In the same form as it was generated; or (2) After modification by a personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6).

This section imposes the bill's core substantive obligation: any person who generates AI content using another individual's likeness — whether image, video, audio (including songs), or voice — or who generates AI-written literature or news stories attributed to someone other than the actual author must include a clear and conspicuous disclosure identifying the content as AI-generated. The disclosure must be in place before the content is distributed within Tennessee.

The obligation applies regardless of whether the depicted individual gave consent to the AI-generated use of their likeness or writing, and regardless of whether the content has been modified after initial generation. This is a broad, medium-agnostic labeling requirement that runs to any person who distributes the covered content.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
Any personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) must include a clear and conspicuous AI-generated disclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2), appropriate for the medium, on AI-generated content that uses another individual's likenessLikeness"Likeness" means an individual's specific image or appearance or voice;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(5) (image, video, audio, or song) or that constitutes a written work attributed to someone other than the actual author, prior to distributing that content in Tennessee — regardless of consent and regardless of post-generation modifications.
T-02.1
Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5703
Private right of action and remedies

(a) If a personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) has reason to believe a violation of § 47-18-5702 has occurred or is occurring, then the personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) may bring a cause of action in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(b) If the court finds that a personPerson"Person" means an individual or entity, including a corporation, partnership, association, or other legal organization.Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(6) distributed A.I.-generated content without the disclosureDisclosure"Disclosure" means a clear and conspicuous notice, appropriate for the medium of the content, that identifies that content as A.I.-generated;Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5701(2) required by § 47-18-5702, then the court must issue an injunction and award to the prevailing party: (1) Actual damages; (2) Punitive damages, if any; and (3) Reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs.

This section creates a private right of action for any person who has reason to believe a violation of the disclosure requirement has occurred or is occurring. Standing does not require proof of personal harm — a reasonable belief that a violation exists is sufficient to bring suit. Upon a finding that AI-generated content was distributed without the required disclosure, the court must issue a mandatory injunction and award actual damages, punitive damages (if any), and reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs to the prevailing party.

Tenn. Code Ann. § 47-18-5704
Tennessee Consumer Protection Act enforcement

(a) A violation of this part constitutes a violation of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977, compiled in part 1 of this chapter. A violation of this part constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or practice affecting trade or commerce and is subject to the penalties and remedies as provided in the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977, in addition to the penalties and remedies in this part.

(b) The attorney general and reporter has all of the investigative and enforcement authority that the attorney general and reporter has under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 related to alleged violations of this part. The attorney general and reporter may institute any proceedings involving alleged violations of this part in Davidson County circuit or chancery court or any other venue otherwise permitted by law.

This section establishes that a violation of the AI disclosure requirements also constitutes a violation of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 — specifically, an unfair or deceptive act or practice affecting trade or commerce. This subjects violators to the additional penalties and remedies available under the TCPA. The attorney general and reporter is granted full investigative and enforcement authority under the TCPA for alleged violations, with venue available in Davidson County circuit or chancery court or any other lawful venue.

Passage Likelihood

Enacted
Status Enacted

Legislative History

2026-02-02 Filed for introduction
2026-02-02 Introduced, Passed on First Consideration
2026-02-05 Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate Health and Welfare Committee
2026-03-11 Placed on Senate Health and Welfare Committee calendar for 3/17/2026
2026-03-17 Sponsor change.
2026-03-17 Action deferred in Senate Health and Welfare Committee to 3/18/2026
2026-03-17 Placed on Senate Health and Welfare Committee calendar for 3/18/2026
2026-03-18 Reset on Final calendar of Senate Health and Welfare Committee
2026-03-25 Placed on Senate Health and Welfare Committee calendar for 4/1/2026
2026-04-01 Recommended for passage with amendment/s, refer to Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee Ayes 9, Nays 0 PNV 0
2026-04-01 Placed on Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee calendar for 4/8/2026
2026-04-08 Action deferred in Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee to 4/14/2026
2026-04-08 Placed on Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee calendar for 4/14/2026
2026-04-14 Action deferred in Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee to 4/15/2026
2026-04-14 Placed on Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee calendar for 4/15/2026
2026-04-15 Recommended for passage, refer to Senate Calendar Committee
2026-04-17 Placed on Senate Regular Calendar for 4/21/2026
2026-04-21 Senate adopted Amendment (Amendment 1 - SA0978)
2026-04-21 Passed Senate as amended, Ayes 32, Nays 0
2026-04-21 Engrossed; ready for transmission to House
2026-04-21 Subst. for comp. HB.
2026-04-21 Am. withdrawn. (Amendment 1 - HA0945)
2026-04-21 Passed H., Ayes 80, Nays 4, PNV 2
2026-04-29 Enrolled and ready for signatures
2026-04-30 Signed by Senate Speaker
2026-05-07 Signed by H. Speaker
2026-05-11 Transmitted to Governor for action.
2026-05-22 Signed by Governor.
2026-05-27 Pub. Ch. 1136
2026-05-27 Effective date(s) 05/22/2026, 07/01/2026

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-06-01
AI generated