Texas · House Bill · 89th Regular Session
HB5282
Texas HB 5282 — Relating to the use of artificial intelligence to score certain portions of assessment instruments administered to public school students

Status ● Introduced Effective Sep 1, 2025 Passage Likelihood L

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
The Texas Education Agency is the implementing authority. The bill does not create a private right of action or specify an independent enforcement mechanism beyond TEA's existing regulatory authority over public school assessment instruments.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
The bill does not specify any monetary penalties, damages, or remedies. Enforcement is through TEA's existing authority over assessment instrument administration.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Educ. Code § 39.023(q)–(r)
Prohibition and conditional exception for AI scoring of constructed responses
Government

(q) 1 Except as provided by Subsection (r), the agency shall prohibit the use of artificial intelligence, including an artificial intelligence-based algorithm, algorithmic device, automated scoring engine, or any scoring method that uses artificial intelligence in part, to score a constructed response on an assessment instrument administered under this section or an assessment system developed under Section 39.027(e). This subsection does not prohibit the use of a machine to score a multiple choice response.

(r) 2 A scoring method otherwise prohibited by Subsection (q) may be used to score a constructed response described by that subsection if the scoring method: (1) was trained on representative samples of constructed responses that include the responses of students who are: (A) educationally disadvantaged; (B) emergent bilingual students, as defined by Section 29.052; or (C) eligible to enroll in a school district's special education program under Subchapter A, Chapter 29; (2) demonstrates scoring validity and reliability at levels consistent with industry-accepted standards for automated machine or hybrid automated machine scoring methods, including standards established by the National Assessment of Educational Progress; and (3) has been evaluated by a qualified independent entity, unaffiliated with the agency, an advisory group of the agency, or any entity involved in the development of the scoring method and the entity certifies that the scoring method: (A) is valid and reliable in scoring constructed responses; (B) does not demonstrate any measurable bias against a student described by Subdivision (1); and (C) meets all applicable psychometric standards for the scoring of assessment instruments.

This section creates a default prohibition on the use of artificial intelligence to score constructed responses on state assessment instruments, while preserving machine scoring of multiple-choice items. The prohibition is broad, covering AI-based algorithms, automated scoring engines, and any scoring method that uses AI even in part.

The conditional exception in subsection (r) permits AI-based scoring only when three cumulative safeguards are met: the training data must be representative of disadvantaged student populations (educationally disadvantaged, emergent bilingual, and special-education-eligible students); the method must meet industry-accepted validity and reliability standards including NAEP benchmarks; and a qualified independent entity — unaffiliated with TEA, its advisory groups, or the scoring method developer — must certify validity, absence of measurable bias, and compliance with psychometric standards. The independent-evaluation requirement functions as a mandatory pre-deployment audit that cannot be satisfied by the agency or its contractors.

Compliance actions 2 items
1
The Texas Education Agency must prohibit the use of artificial intelligence — including AI-based algorithms, automated scoring engines, and any scoring method using AI in part — to score constructed responses on state assessment instruments, unless the scoring method satisfies all conditions specified in subsection (r). Machine scoring of multiple-choice responses remains permitted.
2
Before the agency may permit an AI scoring method for constructed responses, the method must (1) have been trained on representative samples including responses from educationally disadvantaged, emergent bilingual, and special-education-eligible students, (2) demonstrate validity and reliability consistent with industry-accepted standards including NAEP standards, and (3) be evaluated and certified by a qualified independent entity — unaffiliated with TEA or the scoring method developer — as valid, reliable, free of measurable bias against disadvantaged students, and compliant with applicable psychometric standards.
H-02.1
TX HB 5282, Section 2
Applicability date

This Act applies beginning with the 2025-2026 school year.

Specifies that the Act's requirements apply beginning with the 2025–2026 school year, establishing the operational timeline for TEA to implement the prohibition and conditional exception for AI scoring of constructed responses.

TX HB 5282, Section 3
Effective date

This Act takes effect immediately if it receives a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house, as provided by Section 39, Article III, Texas Constitution. If this Act does not receive the vote necessary for immediate effect, this Act takes effect September 1, 2025.

Provides that the Act takes effect immediately upon receiving a two-thirds supermajority vote in each chamber, as authorized by Article III, Section 39 of the Texas Constitution. Absent such a vote, the Act takes effect on September 1, 2025.

Passage Likelihood

Low
Status Introduced
Chamber No passage
Committee No action
Majority party No
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2025-03-14 Filed
2025-04-07 Read first time
2025-04-07 Referred to Public Education

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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