WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 7 REQUIREMENT TYPES
How Is This Bill Enforced
Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.
(1)–(21) As used in this chapter: (1) "AffiliateAffiliate"Affiliate" means a person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with a specified person, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(1)" means a person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with a specified person, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries. (2) "Artificial intelligence modelArtificial intelligence model"Artificial intelligence model" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in the system's level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input the artificial intelligence model receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(2)" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in the system's level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input the artificial intelligence modelArtificial intelligence model"Artificial intelligence model" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in the system's level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input the artificial intelligence model receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(2) receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments. (3)(a) "Catastrophic lossCatastrophic loss"Catastrophic loss" means: (i) the death or serious bodily injury of more than 50 individuals; or (ii) damage to property, or loss of property, exceeding $1,000,000,000. "Catastrophic loss" does not include the loss of value of equity.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(3)" means: (i) the death or serious bodily injury of more than 50 individuals; or (ii) damage to property, or loss of property, exceeding $1,000,000,000. (b) "Catastrophic lossCatastrophic loss"Catastrophic loss" means: (i) the death or serious bodily injury of more than 50 individuals; or (ii) damage to property, or loss of property, exceeding $1,000,000,000. "Catastrophic loss" does not include the loss of value of equity.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(3)" does not include the loss of value of equity. (4)(a) "Catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4)" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)'s development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) will materially contribute to a catastrophic lossCatastrophic loss"Catastrophic loss" means: (i) the death or serious bodily injury of more than 50 individuals; or (ii) damage to property, or loss of property, exceeding $1,000,000,000. "Catastrophic loss" does not include the loss of value of equity.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(3) in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) or user. (b) "Catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4)" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12); (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) in combination with other software if the frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) did not materially contribute to the harm. (5) "Child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5)" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7). (6) "Child safety incidentChild safety incident"Child safety incident" means an occurrence in which a covered chatbot, when interacting with a minor, engages in behavior that, if engaged in by a human, would be considered to intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(6)" means an occurrence in which a covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8), when interacting with a minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16), engages in behavior that, if engaged in by a human, would be considered to intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16); or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16). (7) "Child safety riskChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7)" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)'s foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12), when used as part of a covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8) operated by the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13), will engage in behavior when interacting with a minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16) that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16), including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16). (8) "Covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8)" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12); (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minorsMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16); and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users. (9) "Covered riskCovered risk"Covered risk" means a catastrophic risk or a child safety risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(9)" means a catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) or a child safety riskChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7). (10) "Critical safety incidentCritical safety incident"Critical safety incident" means any of the following: (a) unauthorized access to, modification of, inadvertent release of, or exfiltration of, the model weights of a frontier model; (b) the death of, or serious injury to, more than 50 people or more than $1,000,000,000 in damage to, or loss of, property resulting from the materialization of a catastrophic risk; (c) loss of control of a frontier model that: (i) causes death or bodily injury; or (ii) demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk; or (d) a frontier model that uses deceptive techniques against the frontier developer to subvert the controls or monitoring of the frontier developer outside of the context of an evaluation designed to elicit this behavior and in a manner that demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(10)" means any of the following: (a) unauthorized access to, modification of, inadvertent release of, or exfiltration of, the model weights of a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14); (b) the death of, or serious injury to, more than 50 people or more than $1,000,000,000 in damage to, or loss of, property resulting from the materialization of a catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4); (c) loss of control of a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) that: (i) causes death or bodily injury; or (ii) demonstrates materially increased catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4); or (d) a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) that uses deceptive techniques against the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) to subvert the controls or monitoring of the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) outside of the context of an evaluation designed to elicit this behavior and in a manner that demonstrates materially increased catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4). (11)(a) "DeployDeploy"Deploy" means to make a frontier model available to a third party for use, modification, copying, or combination with other software. "Deploy" does not include making a frontier model available to a third party for the primary purpose of developing or evaluating the frontier model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(11)" means to make a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) available to a third party for use, modification, copying, or combination with other software. (b) "DeployDeploy"Deploy" means to make a frontier model available to a third party for use, modification, copying, or combination with other software. "Deploy" does not include making a frontier model available to a third party for the primary purpose of developing or evaluating the frontier model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(11)" does not include making a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) available to a third party for the primary purpose of developing or evaluating the frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14). (12) "Foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12)" means an artificial intelligence modelArtificial intelligence model"Artificial intelligence model" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in the system's level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input the artificial intelligence model receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(2) that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks. (13)(a) "Frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14), including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. (b) "Frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier modelsFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) exclusively for academic research purposes. (14) "Frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14)" means a foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12) that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12). (15) "Large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)" means a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) who together with the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)'s affiliatesAffiliate"Affiliate" means a person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with a specified person, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(1), had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year. (16) "MinorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16)" means an individual younger than 18 years old. (17) "Model weightModel weight"Model weight" means a numerical parameter in a frontier model that is adjusted through training and that helps determine how inputs are transformed into outputs.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(17)" means a numerical parameter in a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) that is adjusted through training and that helps determine how inputs are transformed into outputs. (18) "OfficeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18)" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201. (19) "Property" means tangible or intangible property. (20) "Public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20)" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risksCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4). (21) "Safety incidentSafety incident"Safety incident" means a child safety incident or a critical safety incident.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(21)" means a child safety incidentChild safety incident"Child safety incident" means an occurrence in which a covered chatbot, when interacting with a minor, engages in behavior that, if engaged in by a human, would be considered to intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(6) or a critical safety incidentCritical safety incident"Critical safety incident" means any of the following: (a) unauthorized access to, modification of, inadvertent release of, or exfiltration of, the model weights of a frontier model; (b) the death of, or serious injury to, more than 50 people or more than $1,000,000,000 in damage to, or loss of, property resulting from the materialization of a catastrophic risk; (c) loss of control of a frontier model that: (i) causes death or bodily injury; or (ii) demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk; or (d) a frontier model that uses deceptive techniques against the frontier developer to subvert the controls or monitoring of the frontier developer outside of the context of an evaluation designed to elicit this behavior and in a manner that demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(10).
This section establishes the defined terms used throughout the AI Transparency Act. Key threshold definitions include frontier model (foundation model trained with ≥10^26 operations), large frontier developer (frontier developer with ≥$500M annual revenue), and covered chatbot (conversational AI service with ≥1M monthly active users foreseeably accessed by minors). The section also defines catastrophic risk and child safety risk as the two categories of covered risk, and distinguishes between safety incidents (child safety incidents and critical safety incidents) for reporting purposes.
(1)(a)–(j) 1 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall write, implement, comply with, and clearly and conspicuously publish on the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s internet website a public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20) that describes in detail how the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15): (a) incorporates national standards, international standards, and industry-consensus best practices into the public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20); (b) defines and assesses thresholds used by the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) to identify and assess whether a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) has capabilities that could pose a catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4), which may include multiple-tiered thresholds; (c) applies mitigations to address the potential for catastrophic risksCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) based on the results of assessments undertaken pursuant to Subsection (1)(b); (d) reviews assessments of catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) and adequacy of mitigations of catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) as part of the decision to deployDeploy"Deploy" means to make a frontier model available to a third party for use, modification, copying, or combination with other software. "Deploy" does not include making a frontier model available to a third party for the primary purpose of developing or evaluating the frontier model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(11) a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) or use the frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) extensively internally; (e) uses third parties to assess the potential for catastrophic risksCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) and the effectiveness of mitigations of catastrophic risksCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4); (f) revisits and updates the public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20), including any criteria that trigger updates and how the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) determines when the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s frontier modelsFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) are substantially modified enough to require disclosures pursuant to Section 13-72b-104; (g) implements cybersecurity practices to secure unreleased frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) weights from unauthorized modification or transfer by internal or external parties; (h) identifies and responds to critical safety incidentsCritical safety incident"Critical safety incident" means any of the following: (a) unauthorized access to, modification of, inadvertent release of, or exfiltration of, the model weights of a frontier model; (b) the death of, or serious injury to, more than 50 people or more than $1,000,000,000 in damage to, or loss of, property resulting from the materialization of a catastrophic risk; (c) loss of control of a frontier model that: (i) causes death or bodily injury; or (ii) demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk; or (d) a frontier model that uses deceptive techniques against the frontier developer to subvert the controls or monitoring of the frontier developer outside of the context of an evaluation designed to elicit this behavior and in a manner that demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(10); (i) institutes internal governance practices to ensure implementation of the processes described in this Subsection (1); and (j) assesses and manages catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) resulting from the internal use of the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s frontier modelsFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14), including risks resulting from a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) circumventing oversight mechanisms.
(2) 1 If a large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) makes a material modification to the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20), the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall clearly and conspicuously publish the modified public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20) and a justification for that modification within 30 days after the day on which the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) makes the material modification.
This section requires large frontier developers to write, implement, comply with, and publicly publish a detailed public safety plan addressing catastrophic risks. The plan must cover ten specific areas including incorporation of national and international standards, catastrophic risk thresholds, mitigation measures, deployment-gate reviews, third-party evaluation, cybersecurity practices for model weights, incident response, and internal governance. Material modifications to the plan must be published with justification within 30 days.
(1)(a)–(g) 2 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) that operates a covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8) shall write, implement, comply with, and clearly and conspicuously publish on the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s internet website a child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5) that describes in detail how the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15): (a) incorporates national standards, international standards, and industry-consensus best practices into the child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5); (b) assesses potential for child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7); (c) applies mitigations to address the potential for child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7) based on the results of assessments undertaken pursuant to Subsection (1)(b); (d) uses third parties to assess the potential for child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7) and the effectiveness of mitigations of child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7); (e) revisits and updates the child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5), including any criteria that trigger updates and how the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) determines when the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s foundation modelsFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12) are substantially modified enough to require disclosures pursuant to Section 13-72b-104; (f) identifies and responds to child safety incidentsChild safety incident"Child safety incident" means an occurrence in which a covered chatbot, when interacting with a minor, engages in behavior that, if engaged in by a human, would be considered to intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(6); and (g) institutes internal governance practices to ensure implementation of the processes described in this Subsection (1).
(2) 2 If a large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) makes a material modification to the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5), the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall clearly and conspicuously publish the modified child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5) and a justification for that modification within 30 days after the day on which the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) makes the material modification.
This section imposes a parallel obligation on large frontier developers that operate a covered chatbot: they must write, implement, comply with, and publicly publish a child protection plan. The plan must detail the developer's approach to assessing child safety risks, applying mitigations, using third-party evaluators, updating the plan, responding to child safety incidents, and maintaining internal governance. Material modifications must be published with justification within 30 days.
(1)(a)–(d) 3 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall conspicuously publish on the developer's internet website summaries of the following before deploying a new or substantially modified foundation modelFoundation model"Foundation model" means an artificial intelligence model that is all of the following: (a) trained on a broad data set; (b) designed for generality of output; and (c) adaptable to a wide range of distinctive tasks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(12) as part of a covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8) operated by the developer: (a) assessments of child safety risksChild safety risk"Child safety risk" means a material and foreseeable risk that a frontier developer's foundation model, when used as part of a covered chatbot operated by the frontier developer, will engage in behavior when interacting with a minor that, if the behavior had been engaged in by a human, would be considered to be intentionally or recklessly: (a) cause death or bodily injury to the minor, including as a result of self-harm; or (b) cause severe emotional distress to the minor.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(7) conducted pursuant to the developer's child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5); (b) the results of the assessments described in Subsection (1)(a); (c) the extent to which third-party evaluators were involved in the assessments described in Subsection (1)(a); and (d) other steps taken by the developer to fulfill the requirements of the child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5).
(2)(a)–(d) 4 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall conspicuously publish on the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s website summaries of the following before deploying a new frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) or a frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) that was substantially modified by the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15): (a) assessments of catastrophic risksCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) from the frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14) conducted pursuant to the developer's public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20); (b) the results of the assessments described in Subsection (2)(a); (c) the extent to which third-party evaluators were involved in the assessments described in Subsection (2)(a); and (d) other steps taken to fulfill the requirements of the public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20) with respect to the frontier modelFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14).
This section imposes pre-deployment publication obligations on large frontier developers. Before deploying a new or substantially modified foundation model as part of a covered chatbot, the developer must publish summaries of child safety risk assessments, results, third-party evaluator involvement, and other steps taken under the child protection plan. Separately, before deploying a new or substantially modified frontier model, the developer must publish parallel summaries of catastrophic risk assessments conducted under the public safety plan.
(1)(a)–(d) 5 A frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) may not make a materially false or misleading statement or omission about covered risksCovered risk"Covered risk" means a catastrophic risk or a child safety risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(9) from the developer's activities or the developer's management of covered risksCovered risk"Covered risk" means a catastrophic risk or a child safety risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(9). (b) A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) may not make a materially false or misleading statement or omission about the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s implementation of, or compliance with, the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s public safety planPublic safety plan"Public safety plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate catastrophic risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(20). (c) A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) that operates a covered chatbotCovered chatbot"Covered chatbot" means a service that: (a) allows an ordinary person to have conversations in which humanlike responses are generated by a foundation model; (b) is foreseeably likely to be accessed by minors; and (c) has at least 1,000,000 monthly active users.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(8) may not make a materially false or misleading statement or omission about the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s implementation of, or compliance with, the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s child protection planChild protection plan"Child protection plan" means a documented technical and organizational protocol to manage, assess, and mitigate child safety risks.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(5). (d) This Subsection (1) does not apply to a statement that was made in good faith and was reasonable under the circumstances.
(2)(a)–(b) 6 When a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) publishes documents to comply with this part, the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) may make redactions to those documents that are necessary to protect: (i) the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)'s trade secrets; (ii) the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13)'s cybersecurity; (iii) public safety; (iv) the national security of the United States; or (v) compliance with any federal or state law. (b) If a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) redacts information in a document pursuant to Subsection (2)(a), the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall: (i) describe the character and justification of the redaction in any published version of the document to the extent permitted by the concerns that justify the redaction; and (ii) retain the unredacted information for five years after the day on which the developer makes the redaction.
This section prohibits frontier developers from making materially false or misleading statements or omissions about covered risks or their management of those risks. Large frontier developers face additional prohibitions against false statements about their implementation of or compliance with their public safety plan and, if operating a covered chatbot, their child protection plan. A good-faith safe harbor applies. The section also authorizes permissible redactions for trade secrets, cybersecurity, public safety, national security, and legal compliance, but requires that redacted documents describe the character and justification of the redaction and that unredacted originals be retained for five years.
(1)(a)–(b) The officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) may make rules in accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act, to: (a) establish a mechanism for a large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) or a member of the public to report a safety incidentSafety incident"Safety incident" means a child safety incident or a critical safety incident.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(21); and (b) establish alternate compliance procedures if substantially equivalent or stricter federal reporting requirements or guidance documents are established.
(2) 7 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall report a safety incidentSafety incident"Safety incident" means a child safety incident or a critical safety incident.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(21) to the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) within 15 days after the day on which the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) discovers the incident.
(3) 8 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) that discovers a critical safety incidentCritical safety incident"Critical safety incident" means any of the following: (a) unauthorized access to, modification of, inadvertent release of, or exfiltration of, the model weights of a frontier model; (b) the death of, or serious injury to, more than 50 people or more than $1,000,000,000 in damage to, or loss of, property resulting from the materialization of a catastrophic risk; (c) loss of control of a frontier model that: (i) causes death or bodily injury; or (ii) demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk; or (d) a frontier model that uses deceptive techniques against the frontier developer to subvert the controls or monitoring of the frontier developer outside of the context of an evaluation designed to elicit this behavior and in a manner that demonstrates materially increased catastrophic risk.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(10) that poses an imminent risk of death or serious physical injury, shall disclose that incident within 24 hours to a law enforcement agency or public safety agency with appropriate jurisdiction based on the nature of the incident.
(4)(a)–(b) 9 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall submit to the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) a report summarizing assessments of catastrophic riskCatastrophic risk"Catastrophic risk" means a foreseeable and material risk that a frontier developer's development, storage, use, or deployment of a frontier model will materially contribute to a catastrophic loss in a single incident by: (i) providing assistance in creating or releasing a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon; (ii) engaging in a cyberattack, or conduct that, if committed by an individual, would constitute murder, assault, extortion, or theft, including theft by deception, under Utah law, without meaningful human oversight, intervention, or supervision; or (iii) evading control of the frontier developer or user. "Catastrophic risk" does not include a foreseeable and material risk from any of the following: (i) information that a frontier model outputs if the information is otherwise publicly accessible in a substantially similar form from a source other than a foundation model; (ii) lawful activity of the federal government; or (iii) harm caused by a frontier model in combination with other software if the frontier model did not materially contribute to the harm.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(4) resulting from internal use of the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s frontier modelsFrontier model"Frontier model" means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations, including computing for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(14): (a) at least once every three months; or (b) pursuant to an alternate schedule if: (i) the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) requests the alternate schedule from the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) in writing; and (ii) the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) agrees to the alternate schedule.
(5)–(6) The officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) may transmit the reports described in Subsections (2) and (4) to the Legislature, the governor, the federal government, or appropriate state agencies, but may consider risks related to trade secrets, public safety, cybersecurity, or national security when transmitting reports. A report submitted under Subsection (2) or (4) may be classified as a protected record under Subsections 63G-2-305(1) and (2) if the requirements of Subsection 63G-2-309(1)(a)(i) are met.
(7) On or before November 1, 2027, and annually thereafter, the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) shall prepare a report for the Business and Labor Interim Committee that includes recommendations for modifying this chapter as well as anonymized, aggregated information about reports received pursuant to this chapter, without including information that would compromise the trade secrets or cybersecurity of a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13), public safety, or the national security of the United States or that would be prohibited by any federal or state law.
This section establishes the safety incident reporting framework. The Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy may establish a reporting mechanism by rule and may create alternate compliance procedures if federal equivalents exist. Large frontier developers must report safety incidents to the office within 15 days and must report critical safety incidents posing imminent risk of death or serious injury to law enforcement within 24 hours. Developers must also submit quarterly summaries of catastrophic risk assessments from internal model use. Reports may be classified as protected records and the office may transmit them to the legislature, governor, or federal government. The office must prepare an annual report for the legislature beginning November 1, 2027.
(1)–(2) A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) that violates this part is subject to a civil penalty that does not exceed: (a) for a first violation, $1,000,000; or (b) for each subsequent violation, $3,000,000. (2) A civil penalty under this section may be recovered in a civil action brought by the attorney general on behalf of the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18).
This section establishes the civil penalty framework for violations of Part 1. A large frontier developer that violates Part 1 is subject to a civil penalty of up to $1,000,000 for a first violation and up to $3,000,000 for each subsequent violation. Penalties are recoverable in a civil action brought by the attorney general on behalf of the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy.
(1)–(3) If any provision of this chapter or the application of any provision to any person or circumstance is held invalid by a final decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this chapter shall be given effect without the invalid provision or application. (2) The provisions of this chapter are severable. (3) The duties and obligations imposed by this chapter are cumulative with any other duties or obligations imposed under other law and shall not be construed to relieve any party from any duties or obligations imposed under other law and do not limit any rights or remedies under existing law.
This section provides a severability clause and confirms that the chapter's obligations are cumulative with obligations imposed under other law. It does not create independent compliance obligations.
(1)–(3) As used in this part: (1) "Adverse actionAdverse action"Adverse action" means to discharge, threaten, harass, or otherwise discriminate against an employee in any manner that affects the employee's employment, including: (a) compensation; (b) terms; (c) conditions; (d) location; (e) rights; (f) immunities; (g) promotions; or (h) privileges.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(1)" means to discharge, threaten, harass, or otherwise discriminate against an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) in any manner that affects the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2)'s employment, including: (a) compensation; (b) terms; (c) conditions; (d) location; (e) rights; (f) immunities; (g) promotions; or (h) privileges. (2) "EmployeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2)" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13). (3) "ReporterReporter"Reporter" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(3)" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.
This section defines terms for Part 2 (whistleblower protections), including adverse action, employee, and reporter. It does not create independent compliance obligations.
(1)(a)–(b) To be a reporterReporter"Reporter" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(3) for purposes of this part, an individual shall: (a) reasonably believe that an act poses a specific and substantial threat to public health or safety or to the health or safety of a minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16), or is a violation of Part 1, Artificial Intelligence Public Safety and Child Protection; and (b) provide information to the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18): (i) in writing; and (ii) in accordance with procedures established by the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) by rule made in accordance with Title 63G, Chapter 3, Utah Administrative Rulemaking Act.
(2)(a)–(b) Notwithstanding Title 63G, Chapter 2, Government Records Access and Management Act, and except as provided in Subsection (2)(b), the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) may not disclose information that could reasonably be expected to reveal the identity of a reporterReporter"Reporter" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(3). (b) Subsection (2)(a) does not limit the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18)'s ability to present evidence to a grand jury or share evidence with witnesses or defendants in an ongoing criminal investigation.
(3)(a)–(b) 10 A large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) shall provide a reasonable internal process through which an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) may anonymously report information if the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) believes in good faith that: (a) the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15)'s activities pose a specific and substantial threat to public health or safety or to the health or safety of a minorMinor"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years old.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(16); or (b) the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) has violated Part 1, Artificial Intelligence Public Safety and Child Protection.
(4) 10 The process required by Subsection (3) shall include monthly updates to the reporting employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) regarding the status of the investigation and actions taken in response to an anonymous report described in Subsection (3).
(5)(a)–(b) 11 Except as provided in Subsection (5)(b), disclosures and responses under this section shall be shared with officers and directors of the large frontier developerLarge frontier developer"Large frontier developer" means a frontier developer who together with the frontier developer's affiliates, had annual revenue of at least $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(15) at least once each quarter. (b) If an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) alleges wrongdoing by an officer or director, Subsection (5)(a) does not apply with respect to that officer or director.
This section establishes the external and internal whistleblower reporting framework. To qualify as a protected reporter, an individual must reasonably believe that an act poses a specific and substantial threat to public health or safety (or to a minor's health or safety) or constitutes a Part 1 violation, and must provide written information to the Office. The Office must protect reporter identity. Large frontier developers must provide a reasonable internal anonymous reporting process with monthly status updates and quarterly board-level disclosure of reports, with a carve-out when the report alleges wrongdoing by a specific officer or director.
(1)(a)–(c) 12 A frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) may not take adverse actionAdverse action"Adverse action" means to discharge, threaten, harass, or otherwise discriminate against an employee in any manner that affects the employee's employment, including: (a) compensation; (b) terms; (c) conditions; (d) location; (e) rights; (f) immunities; (g) promotions; or (h) privileges.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(1) against an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) because of a lawful act of the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2), or a person authorized to act on behalf of the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2), to: (a) provide information to the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18) in accordance with Section 13-72b-202, if the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) is a reporterReporter"Reporter" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(3); (b) initiate, testify in, or assist in any investigation, judicial action, or administrative action based on or related to information provided to the officeOffice"Office" means the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy created in Section 13-72-201.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(18), if the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) is a reporterReporter"Reporter" means an individual who provides information relating to a violation in accordance with Section 13-72b-202.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(3); or (c) provide information through an internal reporting process established by the frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13).
(2) 12 A frontier developerFrontier developer"Frontier developer" means a person who has used, or initiated the use of, a quantity of computing power of at least 10^26 integer or floating-point operations to train a frontier model, including computing used for the original training run and for any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. "Frontier developer" does not include an accredited college or university to the extent the college or university is developing or using frontier models exclusively for academic research purposes.Utah Code § 13-72b-101(13) may not make, adopt, enforce, or enter into a rule, regulation, policy, or contract that would prevent an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2), or a person authorized on behalf of the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2), from taking any of the actions described in Subsection (1).
(3)(a)–(c) 12 An employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) is not protected under this section if the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2): (a) knowingly or recklessly makes a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or misrepresentation; (b) uses a false writing or document knowing that, or with reckless disregard as to whether, the writing or document contains false, fictitious, or fraudulent information; or (c) knows that, or has a reckless disregard as to whether, the disclosure is of information that is false or frivolous.
(4) Information provided pursuant to this section may be classified as a protected record under Subsections 63G-2-305(1) and (2) if the requirements of Subsection 63G-2-309(1)(a)(i) are met.
This section prohibits frontier developers from retaliating against employees who make protected disclosures — whether to the Office or through the developer's internal reporting process. The anti-retaliation protection extends to initiating, testifying in, or assisting investigations or legal actions based on reported information. Frontier developers may not adopt rules, policies, or contracts that would prevent protected disclosures. Protections do not extend to employees who knowingly or recklessly provide false information.
(1)(a)–(b) An employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) who alleges a violation of Section 13-72b-203 may bring an action for injunctive relief, actual damages, or both, in a court with jurisdiction under Title 78A, Judiciary and Judicial Administration. (b) An employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) may not bring an action under this section more than: (i) four years after the day on which the violation of Section 13-72b-203 occurs; or (ii) two years after the day on which facts material to the right of action are known or reasonably should be known by the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2).
(2) To prevail in an action under this section, an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) shall establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) suffered an adverse actionAdverse action"Adverse action" means to discharge, threaten, harass, or otherwise discriminate against an employee in any manner that affects the employee's employment, including: (a) compensation; (b) terms; (c) conditions; (d) location; (e) rights; (f) immunities; (g) promotions; or (h) privileges.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(1) because the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2), or a person acting on the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2)'s behalf, engaged or intended to engage in an activity protected under Section 13-72b-203.
(3)(a)–(e) A court may award relief for an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) prevailing in an action under this section: (a) reinstatement with the same fringe benefits and seniority status that the individual would have had, but for the adverse actionAdverse action"Adverse action" means to discharge, threaten, harass, or otherwise discriminate against an employee in any manner that affects the employee's employment, including: (a) compensation; (b) terms; (c) conditions; (d) location; (e) rights; (f) immunities; (g) promotions; or (h) privileges.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(1); (b) two times the amount of back pay otherwise owed to the individual, with interest; (c) compensation for litigation costs, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorney fees; (d) actual damages; or (e) any combination of the remedies listed in this Subsection (3).
(4)(a)–(b) An employer may file a counterclaim against an employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) who files a civil action under this section seeking attorney fees and costs incurred by the employer related to the action and the counterclaim. (b) The court may award an employer who files a counterclaim under Subsection (4)(a) attorney fees and costs if the court finds that: (i) there is no reasonable basis for the civil action filed by the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2); or (ii) the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) is not protected under Section 13-72b-203 because the employeeEmployee"Employee" means an individual who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied, for a frontier developer.Utah Code § 13-72b-201(2) engaged in an act described in Subsection 13-72b-203(3).
This section creates the private right of action for whistleblower retaliation claims. An employee who alleges a violation of the anti-retaliation provision may bring an action for injunctive relief, actual damages, or both. The statute of limitations is four years from the violation or two years from discovery. The employee must prove adverse action by a preponderance of the evidence. Available remedies include reinstatement, double back pay with interest, litigation costs, expert witness fees, reasonable attorney fees, and actual damages. The employer may counterclaim for attorney fees if the employee's action has no reasonable basis or the employee is not protected.