Washington · Senate Bill · 69th Legislature 2025 Regular Session
SB5422
Substitute Senate Bill 5422 — An Act Relating to allowing bargaining over matters related to certain uses of artificial intelligence

Status ● Failed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood M

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Enforced through Washington's existing public employment collective bargaining frameworks under chapters 41.56 and 41.80 RCW. The Public Employment Relations Commission (PERC) adjudicates unfair labor practice complaints. No private right of action is created by this bill; enforcement runs through the administrative collective bargaining dispute process.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
The bill creates no independent penalty or damages provision. Remedies for failure to bargain are governed by existing unfair labor practice remedies under chapters 41.56 and 41.80 RCW, which may include orders to bargain and make-whole relief.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
RCW 41.56.021 (as amended by Sec. 1)
Higher education bargaining — management rights exception for AI technology

(4)(b) The use of technology, except as provided in section 3 of this act;

Section 1 amends the management-rights provision governing collective bargaining for employees of Washington institutions of higher education. The amendment separates "use of technology" from the enumerated management rights that are excluded from bargaining, and adds a cross-reference to Section 3 of the act, which creates a mandatory duty to bargain over AI technology decisions affecting wages or performance evaluations. The effect is to remove AI technology adoption from the blanket management-rights exclusion while preserving the exclusion for non-AI technology decisions.

RCW 41.80.040 (as amended by Sec. 2)
State employee bargaining — management rights exception for AI technology

(2) The use of technology, except as provided in section 4 of this act;

Section 2 makes a parallel amendment to the management-rights provision governing collective bargaining for state civil service employees under chapter 41.80 RCW. As with Section 1, this amendment separates "use of technology" into its own numbered subsection and adds a cross-reference to Section 4 of the act, which creates a mandatory duty to bargain over AI technology decisions affecting wages or performance evaluations. The structure mirrors Section 1 but applies to the state employer rather than institutions of higher education.

Ch. 41.56 RCW (new section added by Sec. 3)
Mandatory bargaining over AI affecting wages or performance evaluations — higher education

1 An employer shall bargain over the decision to adopt artificial intelligence technology or modify the current uses of artificial intelligence technology if the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations.

Section 3 creates the bill's core operative obligation for higher education employers. It requires an employer to bargain with the exclusive bargaining representative over the decision to adopt artificial intelligence technology — or modify current AI uses — whenever the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations. The trigger is functional: the bargaining obligation attaches not to every AI deployment, but only to those that touch compensation or evaluation. The provision does not define "artificial intelligence technology," leaving its scope to be resolved through bargaining or PERC proceedings.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
Higher education employers must bargain with the exclusive bargaining representative over the decision to adopt or modify AI technology when the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations.
Ch. 41.80 RCW (new section added by Sec. 4)
Mandatory bargaining over AI affecting wages or performance evaluations — state employees

2 An employer shall bargain over the decision to adopt artificial intelligence technology or modify the current uses of artificial intelligence technology if the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations.

Section 4 mirrors Section 3 but applies to state civil service employers under chapter 41.80 RCW rather than higher education institutions under chapter 41.56 RCW. The operative language is identical: the employer must bargain over the decision to adopt or modify AI technology when the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations.

Compliance actions 1 item
2
State employers must bargain with the exclusive bargaining representative over the decision to adopt or modify AI technology when the adoption or modification affects employees' wages or performance evaluations.
Sec. 5 (uncodified)
Savings clause — existing contracts

Contracts in effect prior to the effective date of this section remain unaffected by sections 3 and 4 of this act until the contract expires or is renewed or reopened.

Section 5 is a savings clause grandfathering existing collective bargaining agreements. Contracts in effect before the act's effective date are unaffected by the new bargaining obligations in Sections 3 and 4 until those contracts expire, are renewed, or are reopened. This prevents the new AI bargaining requirement from disrupting mid-term agreements.

Passage Likelihood

Failed
Status Failed
Final action By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.

Legislative History

2025-01-22 First reading, referred to Labor & Commerce.
2025-02-17 Public hearing in the Senate Committee on Labor & Commerce at 10:30 AM.
2025-02-21 Executive action taken in the Senate Committee on Labor & Commerce at 8:00 AM.
2025-02-21 LC - Majority; 1st substitute bill be substituted, do pass.
2025-02-21 Minority; do not pass.
2025-02-21 And refer to Ways & Means.
2025-02-21 Referred to Ways & Means.
2025-02-25 Public hearing in the Senate Committee on Ways & Means at 1:30 PM.
2025-02-28 Executive session scheduled, but no action was taken in the Senate Committee on Ways & Means at 1:30 PM.
2026-01-12 By resolution, reintroduced and retained in present status.

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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