Wisconsin · Assembly Bill · 2025–2026 Legislature
AB959
Wisconsin Assembly Bill 959 — An Act to amend 990.01 (26); to create 134.44 of the statutes; relating to: the legal status of artificial intelligence

Status ● Failed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood N/A

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
No enforcement mechanism specified. The bill establishes legal status restrictions on AI but does not designate an enforcement authority, create penalties, or authorize a private right of action.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
No damages, penalties, or remedies are specified in the bill.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Wis. Stat. § 134.44
Legal status of artificial intelligence

(1)(a)–(e) In this section: (a) "Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a)" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments. (b) "DeveloperDeveloper"Developer" means any person primarily responsible for the design, coding, and initial creation of artificial intelligence.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(b)" means any person primarily responsible for the design, coding, and initial creation of artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a). (c) "EntityEntity"Entity" has the meaning given in s. 180.0103 (8).Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(c)" has the meaning given in s. 180.0103 (8). (d) "ManufacturerManufacturer"Manufacturer" means any person that produces or supplies artificial intelligence or its physical apparatus, if any, for distribution or sale.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(d)" means any person that produces or supplies artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) or its physical apparatus, if any, for distribution or sale. (e) "OwnerOwner"Owner" means any person that creates, controls, deploys, operates, or otherwise exercises authority over artificial intelligence, but does not include the end user of artificial intelligence.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(e)" means any person that creates, controls, deploys, operates, or otherwise exercises authority over artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a), but does not include the end user of artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a).

(2)(a) 1 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) is not a person for any purpose under the law of this state.

(2)(b) 1 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) may not be granted the status of person or any form of legal personhood and may not be considered to possess consciousness, self-awareness, sentience, or any similar traits of living beings.

(2)(c) 1 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) may not be a spouse or domestic partner and may not hold any legal status analogous to marriage or union with a human or with other artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a).

(2)(d) 1 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) may not be designated, be appointed, or serve as an officer, director, partner, manager, or member, or any similar role, of an entityEntity"Entity" has the meaning given in s. 180.0103 (8).Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(c).

(2)(e) 1 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) may not own, control, or hold title to any form of property, including real estate, intellectual property, financial accounts, and digital assets. All assets and proprietary interests generated, managed, or otherwise associated with artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) shall be attributed to the developerDeveloper"Developer" means any person primarily responsible for the design, coding, and initial creation of artificial intelligence.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(b), manufacturerManufacturer"Manufacturer" means any person that produces or supplies artificial intelligence or its physical apparatus, if any, for distribution or sale.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(d), or owner of the artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a).

(2)(f) 1 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a) is not a person against which liability may be imposed.

(3) Any action contrary to sub. (2) (c) is void and has no legal effect.

This section defines key terms — Artificial intelligence, Developer, Entity, Manufacturer, and Owner — and then categorically declares that AI is not a person under Wisconsin law. The operative provisions prohibit AI from holding legal personhood, being considered sentient or conscious, entering into marriage or domestic partnerships, serving as a corporate officer or director, or owning property. All assets generated by or associated with AI are attributed to the human developer, manufacturer, or owner. AI may not be treated as a person against which liability may be imposed. Any action purporting to establish a marriage or domestic partnership with AI is void.

This section does not impose affirmative compliance obligations on any regulated party. It is a definitional and status-clarification measure that establishes legal guardrails around AI personhood.

Wis. Stat. § 990.01(26)
Amendment to statutory definition of Person

990.01 (26) Person. "Person" includes all partnerships, associations and bodies politic or corporate. "Person" does not include artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine-based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.Wis. Stat. § 134.44(1)(a), as defined in s. 134.44 (1) (a).

This section amends the general statutory definition of Person in Wisconsin's interpretation statute to expressly exclude artificial intelligence as defined in § 134.44(1)(a). This ensures that references to "person" throughout the Wisconsin statutes do not encompass AI systems, reinforcing the personhood denial established in § 134.44.

Passage Likelihood

Failed
Status Failed
Final action Failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1

Legislative History

2026-01-29 Introduced
2026-01-29 Read first time and referred to Committee on Science, Technology, and AI
2026-02-04 Public hearing held
2026-02-16 Representative Wichgers added as a coauthor
2026-03-23 Failed to pass pursuant to Senate Joint Resolution 1

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-19
AI generated