CA
Enacted eff 2025-01-01
Persons must not produce, distribute, or make available a digital replica of a deceased personality's voice or likeness in an expressive audiovisual work or sound recording without prior consent from the rights holder. Exceptions apply for news, public affairs, sports, comment, criticism, scholarship, satire, parody, documentary or biographical use (unless creating a false impression of authentic participation), fleeting or incidental use, and advertisements for such exempt works.
CA
Enacted eff 2026-01-01
Any person or entity that makes available to consumers any AI technology enabling creation of a digital replica must, by December 1, 2026, display the following consumer warning: Unlawful use of this technology to depict another person without prior consent may result in civil or criminal liability for the user. The warning must be hyperlinked on every page or screen where the consumer may input a prompt to the technology and must be included in the terms and conditions for use of the technology. All warnings must be displayed in a manner that is clear and conspicuous. The warning is not required for digital replicas created in a video game where the replica is used solely in gameplay and not distributed outside the game.
CA
Enacted eff 2026-01-01
No person may knowingly use another person's name, voice, signature, photograph, or likeness — including a digital replica — on or in products, merchandise, or goods, or for purposes of advertising, selling, or soliciting purchases of products, merchandise, goods, or services, without that person's prior consent (or, for a minor, parental or guardian consent). A digital replica as defined in Civil Code § 3344.1 is expressly included within the definitions of voice and likeness for purposes of this prohibition.
IL
Enacted eff 2025-01-01
No person may use an individual's identity — including name, image, likeness, or voice — for commercial purposes during the individual's lifetime without prior written consent from the individual or their authorized representative.
IL
Enacted eff 2025-01-01
No person may use a deceased individual's identity or digital replica in violation of the Act for 50 years after the individual's death without prior written consent from the appropriate rights holder under Section 20.
MT
Enacted eff 2026-01-01
No person may distribute, transmit, or make available to the public an algorithm, software, tool, or other technology whose primary purpose is to produce unauthorized digital voice depictions or digital visual depictions of a particular, identified individual for commercial use, unless the individual or rights holder has consented.
MT
Enacted eff 2026-01-01
No person may intentionally publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or make available to the public a digital voice depiction or digital visual depiction for commercial use with actual and specific knowledge that the depiction is unauthorized. A person with an objectively reasonable belief that the material did not qualify as an unauthorized depiction is not liable for actual damages.
NY
Enacted eff 2024-04-20
Persons and entities must not use another person's name, portrait, picture, likeness, or voice — including AI-generated replicas — for advertising or trade without written consent. Violations give rise to equitable relief, compensatory damages, and exemplary damages for knowing violations.
VA
Enacted eff 2026-07-01
No person, firm, or corporation may use an individual's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness — including AI-generated reproductions — for advertising or trade purposes without first obtaining the written consent of that individual (or surviving consort, next of kin, or parent/guardian if deceased or a minor).
HI
Enrolled eff 3000-07-01
No person may knowingly create, publish, or distribute a realistic AI-generated digital imitation of an identifiable individual without that individual's express, written consent if the imitation is used commercially, is likely to cause harm, falsely implies endorsement or authorship, or is used to commit fraud, defamation, harassment, or other unlawful acts.
OH
Engrossed
No person may create or use a replica of a person's persona to induce another person to make a financial decision or extend credit in reliance on the replica without the express consent of the individual whose persona is replicated.
VA
Engrossed
No person, firm, or corporation may use any person's name, portrait, voice, likeness, or picture for advertising or trade purposes without first obtaining written consent from the individual, or if deceased from the surviving consort or next of kin, or if a minor from the parent or guardian.
VA
Engrossed
No person may produce, distribute, or make available a digital replica of another person's voice or likeness in an expressive audiovisual work or sound recording without first obtaining written consent from the individual, the surviving consort or next of kin if deceased, or the parent or guardian if a minor. Violations carry liability of the greater of $1,000 or actual damages.
GA
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
Any person or entity seeking to use a deceased individual's likeness in a digital replica must obtain consent from the individual given during life, from the individual's estate, or from a legal representative of the individual. The likeness property right survives death for 50 years.
GA
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
Any person or entity must obtain express written consent from the individual before creating, distributing, or exploiting the individual's likeness in a digital replica for commercial purposes. Consent must affirmatively, expressly, and specifically provide for the allowance, extent, purpose, and duration of use. Absence of compensation does not negate the consent requirement. Consent implied by silence, agreement to general terms and conditions, or a prior unrelated agreement is insufficient.
GA
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
No person or entity may claim ownership, authorship, or exclusive rights over an individual's likeness solely by virtue of having used that likeness in a digital replica.
GA
Introduced eff 2027-01-01
No individual or production company may publish, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a digital replica of a performer without the performer's consent. No individual or production company may distribute, import, transmit, or otherwise make available a product or service that is primarily designed to produce digital replicas of a specifically identified performer without consent and that has only limited commercially significant purpose or use beyond producing such unconsented replicas.
GA
Introduced eff 2027-01-01
Any person or production company using a performer's digital replica must obtain consent through a written contract that: (1) is limited to a maximum duration of ten years while the performer is living; (2) is signed by the performer or an authorized representative; (3) provides fair compensation to the performer; (4) prohibits perpetual uncompensated use of the digital replica; and (5) includes a reasonably specific description of the intended use. Consent implied by silence, agreement to general terms and conditions, or a prior agreement unrelated to the digital replica is insufficient.
GA
Introduced eff 2027-01-01
Production companies must obtain a compliant consent contract meeting the requirements of § 10-1-971(c) before using a digital replica of a performer.
GA
Introduced
Any person obtaining a license to use a living individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica must execute a written license agreement signed by the individual or an authorized representative, include a reasonably specific description of the intended uses, and keep the license duration to no more than ten years.
GA
Introduced
Any person obtaining a license to use the voice or visual likeness of an individual under 18 in a digital replica must execute a written license signed by the minor or authorized representative, include a reasonably specific description of intended uses, keep the duration to no more than five years (and in any event terminating at age 18), and obtain Georgia court approval of the license.
GA
Introduced
No person may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without the right holder's consent, where the person has actual knowledge or willfully avoids knowledge that (1) the material is a digital replica and (2) it was not authorized. The prohibition applies regardless of disclaimer; statutory carve-outs cover bona fide news, documentaries, commentary, parody, scholarship, fleeting use, and certain advertising of those works, but no carve-out applies where the replica depicts sexually explicit conduct.
HI
Introduced eff 2077-01-01
No person may commercially use an individual's likeness — including an AI-generated digital replica of their voice or visual likeness — without consent, because digital replicas now fall within the protected scope of Hawaii's publicity rights statute.
IA
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
No person may use AI to intentionally recreate the audio or visual likeness of an individual without the individual's consent when the likeness is intended to be substantially indistinguishable from the individual and is used for (1) commercial activity, (2) an unsupported political campaign, (3) depicting the individual in activities they would find offensive, (4) diminishing the individual's credibility or reputation, or (5) inducing another person to act or divulge information.
IA
Introduced
Deployers must not make publicly available any chatbot knowingly designed to impersonate a real individual, living or deceased, unless the deployer first obtains permission from: (a) for a living individual, the individual or their legal representative; or (b) for a deceased individual, the person responsible for the individual's estate. If no person is responsible for a deceased individual's estate, the deployer may proceed without permission only if the chatbot was designed solely as an educational or research tool, or a reasonable person would believe the chatbot has objective artistic, cultural, or political value.
IA
Introduced eff 2025-07-01
No person may use AI to intentionally recreate the audio or visual likeness of an individual without consent if the likeness is substantially indistinguishable from the individual and is used for commercial activity, an unsupported political campaign, depicting the individual in offensive activities, diminishing the individual's credibility or esteem, or inducing another person to act or divulge information.
LA
Introduced
No person may commercially publish, display, or use an individual's name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness created through generative artificial intelligence without express written or oral consent from the individual, an authorized representative, or (if deceased) the surviving spouse or surviving children.
LA
Introduced
No person may commercially publish, display, or use an individual's name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness for trade or advertising purposes without express written or oral consent from the individual, an authorized representative, or (if deceased) the surviving spouse or surviving children.
MD
Introduced eff 2025-10-01
Any person seeking to use a living individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica must obtain a written license signed by the individual or their authorized representative, including a reasonably specific description of intended uses, with a maximum duration of 10 years.
MD
Introduced eff 2025-10-01
Any person seeking to use a living minor's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica must obtain a written, signed license with a reasonably specific use description, a maximum duration of 5 years, and court approval where required by law; the license automatically terminates when the minor reaches age 18.
MD
Introduced eff 2025-10-01
Any person seeking to transfer or license a postmortem digital replica right must execute the transfer or license agreement in writing, signed by the right holder or an authorized representative.
MD
Introduced eff 2025-10-01
No person may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without the consent of the applicable right holder. Liability requires actual knowledge or willful blindness that the material is an unauthorized digital replica. Exceptions apply for bona fide news, documentary/biographical use, commentary, criticism, satire, parody, and fleeting or negligible use — but no exception applies when the digital replica depicts sexually explicit conduct.
MO
Introduced
Any person must not knowingly publish, distribute, or make publicly available algorithmically generated or altered content depicting a real individual without that individual's consent. Enhanced penalties apply when distribution occurs through an online public communication platform.
MO
Introduced
Publishers must not publish a digital impersonation of a Missouri resident — AI-generated synthetic media convincingly replacing or simulating a person's likeness or voice using deep generative methods — without consent and without disclosing that the content is a digital impersonation or that its authenticity is disputed. Violation exposes the publisher to declaratory relief; for paid advertisements, liability runs only to the person or entity that originated, ordered, placed, or paid for the advertisement. Expedited preliminary declaratory relief is available within two business days when the impersonation depicts sexual content, criminal conduct, or threatens significant personal, financial, or reputational harm.
MO
Introduced eff 2027-01-01
Deployers must include on any AI-generated content depicting a real individual a prescribed disclaimer stating that the content is AI-generated and does not reflect the actual statements or actions of the depicted individual, must verify the authenticity of the content, and must obtain consent from the depicted individual before generating such content, except when the content is used for parody or satire.
NJ
Introduced
Any individual or entity must obtain consent from the depicted person (or the parent/guardian of a depicted minor) before publishing, distributing, transmitting, or otherwise making available a realistic AI-generated representation of that person's image, likeness, or voice. Affirmative defenses include: labeling the content as GenAI-produced, contextual use where a reasonable person would assume AI origin, or satire/parody of a public figure.
NM
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
No person or entity may commercially use an individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica without express written consent from the individual or an authorized right holder, including post-mortem rights that extend up to 70 years after death.
NM
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
No person may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, or otherwise make available a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness in New Mexico without the written consent of the individual or right holder. Liability requires actual knowledge or willful avoidance of knowledge that the material is an unauthorized digital replica. Exclusions exist for bona fide news, documentaries, commentary, criticism, scholarship, satire, parody, and fleeting use — but no exclusion applies when the digital replica depicts sexually explicit conduct. A disclaimer or AI-generation disclosure is not a defense.
NM
Introduced eff 2026-07-01
AI tool providers and distributors must not offer products or services primarily designed to produce unauthorized digital replicas, having only limited legitimate commercial purpose, or marketed for producing unauthorized digital replicas — or face secondary liability.
NY
Introduced
Owners, licensees, or operators of visual or audio generative AI systems must implement a reasonable method to prevent users from creating unauthorized realistic depictions of a covered person (public officeholder or candidate for public office) within 60 days of receiving notice from that covered person. A method is considered reasonable when it is consistent with industry standards, not overly burdensome on the system, cost-effective to implement and maintain, and up to date.
NY
Introduced
Any person, firm, or corporation must obtain written consent before using a living person's name, portrait, picture, likeness, or voice — including a portrait, picture, likeness, or voice created or altered by AI or other digitization technology — for advertising or trade purposes. Unauthorized use is a misdemeanor.
NY
Introduced
Any person, firm, or corporation must not use a person's name, portrait, picture, likeness, or voice — including versions created or altered by AI or other digitization technology — for advertising or trade purposes without prior written consent. Aggrieved individuals may seek injunctive relief, actual damages, and exemplary damages for knowing violations.
NY
Introduced
No person, firm, or corporation may use for advertising or trade purposes any person's name, portrait, picture, likeness, or voice — including AI-generated digital replicas — without first obtaining that person's written consent (or a minor's parent/guardian consent).
NY
Introduced
Any person must obtain prior consent from a depicted individual before using that individual's name, voice, signature, still or video image, or likeness — created or altered by AI, machine learning, or other digitization technology — on products, merchandise, goods, or for advertising, selling, or soliciting purchases. Broad carve-outs apply for literary, artistic, news, entertainment, public-interest, and political-campaign uses, but embedded product advertising within otherwise exempt works remains actionable.
OH
Introduced
No person may use any aspect of an individual's persona, or a modified facsimile of an individual's persona that would confuse a reasonable trier of fact, without written consent from the individual or authorized rights holder. This prohibition applies during the individual's lifetime, for 60 years post-mortem, and for 10 years post-mortem for Ohio National Guard or U.S. armed forces members. Exemptions apply for news, public affairs, sports broadcasts, and political campaign uses.
OK
Introduced
No person may create and disseminate digitized or synthetic media depicting another person's name, image, voice, or likeness without that person's written consent when done with the intent to cause emotional, financial, physical, or reputational harm. An exception applies when the sole purpose is news reporting, commentary, satire, or parody.
OK
Introduced eff 2026-11-01
No person may commercially publish, display, or use an individual's name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness created through generative artificial intelligence without express consent from the individual, an authorized representative, or (if deceased) from surviving family members. Exceptions apply for bona fide news reporting, resale with prior consent, and incidental public photographs. Actions must be brought within 40 years of the individual's death.
PA
Introduced
Absent opt-in consent, digital platforms must disable AI simulation of a user, refrain from generating any content that appears to originate from that user, and clearly mark the account as inactive or memorialized where applicable.
PA
Introduced
Digital platforms must not monetize, advertise, or commercially exploit a post-mortem AI simulation of a user without both pre-death consent (clear, conspicuous, and separate from terms of service and other consents) and written confirmation from the estate representative; this consent is revocable and expires five years after death unless renewed.
PA
Introduced
A person must not disseminate an artificially generated visual image or auditory vocalization that impersonates a real individual without that individual's consent, if the person knows or has reason to know the content was artificially generated. Violation is a misdemeanor of the first degree, elevated to a felony of the third degree if committed with intent to defraud or injure.
SC
Introduced
No person may knowingly use an individual's name, photograph, voice, or likeness for advertising, fundraising, or solicitation without the individual's prior consent (or parental/guardian consent for minors, or estate consent for deceased individuals).
SC
Introduced
No person may publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or make available to the public an individual's voice or likeness with knowledge that the use was not authorized by the individual (or parent/guardian for minors, or estate representative for deceased individuals).
SC
Introduced
No person may distribute, transmit, or make available any algorithm, software, tool, or other technology whose primary purpose or function is the production of an individual's photograph, voice, or likeness without authorization from the individual (or parent/guardian for minors, or estate representative for deceased individuals).
TX
Introduced eff 2025-09-01
No person may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without the written consent of the right holder.
US
Introduced
No person or entity may commercially publish, display, distribute, or use an individual's voice or visual likeness created through generative AI (as a digital replica) without express authorization from the individual or right holder. Licenses must be in writing, signed, include a reasonably specific description of intended uses, and are capped at 10 years during life (5 years for minors, with court approval required). The right survives death for up to 70 years with renewable post-mortem terms registered with the Copyright Office.
US
Introduced
No person or entity may reproduce, distribute, publicly display, perform, or create derivative works based on a U.S. citizen's unique likeness — including via AI-generated digital replicas or synthetic media — without express authorization from the owner or their authorized licensee, heir, or assignee.
US
Introduced
No person or entity may commercially publish, display, distribute, or use an individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica — or in connection with a product or service designed to produce unauthorized digital replicas — without express authorization from the individual or the applicable right holder.
US
Introduced
Any person or entity must not publicly display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available unauthorized digital replicas, and must not distribute, import, or make available products or services that are primarily designed to produce, have only limited commercially significant use other than to produce, or are marketed as producing unauthorized digital replicas of specifically identified individuals. Online service providers incur liability only upon receiving a compliant notification or court order (or willfully avoiding receipt). Non-platform actors must have actual knowledge or willfully avoid such knowledge.
VA
Introduced
No person, firm, or corporation may use any person's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness for advertising or trade purposes without first obtaining the written consent of the individual (or, if deceased, the surviving consort or next of kin; or, if a minor, the parent or guardian).
CA
Failed
Any person or entity that sells or provides access to AI technology designed to create synthetic content must display a consumer warning that misuse of the technology may result in civil or criminal liability for the user, in the form and content specified by the Department of Consumer Affairs.
CA
Failed
Any person who uses an AI-generated synthetic voice or likeness of another person without consent for commercial purposes is liable under California's right of publicity statute, where a reasonable person would believe the synthetic content is genuine. Synthetic content is deemed to be the actual voice or photograph of the depicted person.
CO
Failed eff 2026-02-12
No person may use another individual's personally identifying feature — fingerprint, voiceprint, retina or iris scan, or facial map/geometry/template — in an advertisement, deepfake, image, video, voice recording, or any other digital depiction without the individual's permission. Violation is a class 5 felony. Exceptions apply for: (1) content distributed in connection with a criminal investigation or reporting criminal conduct; (2) government official acts; (3) news, public affairs, or sports broadcasts; (4) comment, criticism, scholarship, satire, or parody; (5) authentic self-depiction in an audiovisual work (unless the work creates a false impression of authentic participation); (6) fleeting or incidental use; (7) advertisements for exempt audiovisual works; and (8) any other First Amendment-protected activity.
CO
Failed eff 2026-02-12
No person may use another individual's personally identifying feature — fingerprint, voiceprint, retina or iris scan, or facial map/geometry/template — in an advertisement, deepfake, image, video, voice recording, or any other digital depiction without permission and with the intent to harm the individual whose feature is used. Violation is a class 4 felony (elevated from class 5 for the base offense). The same exceptions apply as for the base offense.
FL
Failed eff 2026-07-01
No person may commercially publish, print, display, or use the name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness of an individual created through generative artificial intelligence without express written or oral consent from the individual, an authorized representative, or (for deceased individuals) the surviving spouse or children.
FL
Failed eff 2026-07-01
No person may publish, print, display, or otherwise publicly use for trade, commercial, or advertising purpose an individual's name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness created through generative AI without the individual's express written or oral consent (or, for a deceased individual, the authorized licensee or surviving spouse/children).
FL
Failed
No person may publish, print, display, or otherwise publicly use for trade or for any commercial or advertising purpose the name, portrait, photograph, image, or other likeness of an individual created through generative artificial intelligence without the express written or oral consent of the individual, an authorized representative, or — if the individual is deceased — an authorized person or any one of the deceased individual's surviving spouse or surviving children. A legal parent or guardian may give consent on behalf of a minor surviving child. Post-mortem rights expire 40 years after the individual's death.
HI
Failed
No person may commercially use an AI-generated or materially AI-altered depiction of an individual's face, body, or characteristic without consent, because AI deepfakes are now expressly included within the protected scope of an individual's likeness under Hawaii's right of publicity.
IL
Failed
No person may produce a digital replica of an individual's image, voice, or visual likeness without consent, or knowingly publish, distribute, transmit, or make available an unauthorized digital replica. Exceptions apply for news, documentary, biographical, satirical, parody, scholarly, and de minimis uses.
IL
Failed
Any person seeking to use a digital depiction or digital voice replica of an individual for a new performance in an advertisement or expressive work must obtain a written agreement with the individual (or court approval if the individual is under 18), where the individual is represented by counsel, or the use must be governed by a collective bargaining agreement.
IL
Failed
No person or entity may distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a personalized cloning service without the consent of the individual whose voice or likeness rights are affected.
IL
Failed
No person or entity may publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a digital voice replica or digital depiction with knowledge that the replica or depiction was not authorized by the individual holding the voice or likeness rights.
IL
Failed
No person or entity may materially contribute to, direct, or otherwise facilitate the unauthorized distribution of a personalized cloning service or the unauthorized publication of a digital voice replica or digital depiction, with knowledge that the affected individual has not consented.
IL
Failed
No person may commercially publish, display, distribute, or use an individual's name, portrait, voice, likeness, or other identity attribute — including AI-generated or simulated versions — without express consent. Any person who materially contributes to, induces, or otherwise facilitates such a violation after having reason to know of the violation is independently liable.
MD
Failed
Any agreement authorizing the creation or use of an AI-generated digital copy of a person's voice or image in lieu of live performance is unenforceable unless it includes (1) an easily understandable description of the digital copy's intended uses, (2) the licensing terms governing use, and (3) the person was represented by a lawyer or a union with a collective bargaining agreement covering digital copies.
MD
Failed
Persons seeking to use an individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica must obtain a written, signed license that includes a reasonably specific description of intended uses, does not exceed 10 years for adults or 5 years for minors, and (for minors) includes court approval if required by law; minor licenses terminate automatically at age 18.
MD
Failed
Persons acquiring post-mortem rights to use a deceased individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica must execute a written transfer or license agreement signed by the right holder or authorized representative.
MD
Failed
Persons must not produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without the consent of the applicable right holder. Liability requires actual knowledge or willful avoidance of knowledge that the material is an unauthorized digital replica. Exceptions exist for bona fide news, documentary, commentary, criticism, scholarship, satire, parody, and fleeting uses — but no exception applies to digital replicas depicting sexually explicit conduct.
ME
Failed
Any person must obtain written permission from a minor's parent or guardian before using or displaying the minor's picture, image, or likeness in an advertisement.
ME
Failed
Any person must not use or display in an advertisement a picture, image, or likeness of a specific minor that was artificially generated by technology, including artificial intelligence — regardless of parental consent.
MS
Failed
Any person must obtain prior consent from the individual (or parent/guardian for minors, or executor/heirs/devisees for deceased individuals) before knowingly using that individual's name, photograph, voice, or likeness in any medium for advertising, merchandising, fundraising, or solicitation purposes.
MS
Failed
Any person must not publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public an individual's voice or likeness with knowledge that the use was not authorized by the individual (or parent/guardian for minors, or executor/heirs/devisees for deceased individuals).
MS
Failed
Any person must not distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available an algorithm, software, tool, or other technology, service, or device whose purpose is the production of a particular identifiable individual's photograph, voice, or likeness, with knowledge that the distribution was not authorized by the individual (or parent/guardian for minors, or executor/heirs/devisees for deceased individuals).
MS
Failed
Any person seeking to use an individual's digital depiction or digital voice replica for a new performance in an advertisement or expressive work must obtain the individual's authorization through a written agreement in which the individual was represented by counsel and was at least 18 years old (or the agreement was court-approved if under 18), or through a collective bargaining agreement.
MS
Failed
No person or entity may distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a personalized cloning service without the consent of the holder of the likeness or voice rights of the individuals targeted by the service. A disclaimer of non-authorization is not a defense.
MS
Failed
No person or entity may publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a digital voice replica or digital depiction with knowledge that it was not authorized by the holder of the affected likeness or voice rights. A disclaimer of non-authorization is not a defense.
MS
Failed
No person or entity may materially contribute to, direct, or otherwise facilitate the distribution of a personalized cloning service or the publication of an unauthorized digital voice replica or digital depiction with knowledge that the rights holder has not consented.
MS
Failed
No firm, business, or person may commercially use the name, voice, or likeness of an individual — including AI-generated replicas — without first obtaining written consent from the individual or their authorized representative.
MS
Failed
Any person seeking to use an individual's digital depiction or digital voice replica for a new performance in an advertisement or expressive work must obtain consent through a written agreement in which the individual was represented by counsel and was at least 18 years old (or had court approval if a minor), or through a collective bargaining agreement.
MS
Failed
No person or entity may distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a personalized cloning service targeting an individual without the consent of the holder of the affected likeness or voice rights.
MS
Failed
No firm, business, or person may commercially use an individual's name, voice, or likeness without first obtaining written consent from the individual. Unauthorized commercial use is subject to injunctive relief, actual damages including attributable profits, treble damages if the defendant failed to make a good-faith effort to secure authorization, and reasonable attorney's fees.
MS
Failed
Any person must obtain prior consent from an individual (or a minor's parent/guardian, or a deceased individual's executor/heirs) before knowingly using that individual's name, photograph, voice, or likeness for advertising, fundraising, or solicitation purposes.
MS
Failed
Any person must not publish, perform, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public an individual's voice or likeness with knowledge that use was not authorized by the individual (or, for a minor, the minor's parent/guardian, or for a deceased individual, the executor/heirs).
MS
Failed
Any person must not distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available an algorithm, software, tool, or other technology whose purpose is producing an identifiable individual's photograph, voice, or likeness, with knowledge that the individual (or minor's parent/guardian, or deceased individual's executor/heirs) did not authorize the distribution.
NY
Failed
Advertisers may not use synthetic media depicting a natural person without that person's consent; the inclusion of a synthetic-media disclaimer is not a defense when the depicted person has not consented.
OK
Failed
Entities must obtain consent from Oklahoma citizens before generating any AI-created derivative media that uses audio recordings of the citizen's voice or images to recreate the citizen's likeness.
TX
Failed
No person may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make publicly available a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without the right holder's written consent.
US
Failed
Any person or entity seeking to use a digital depiction or digital voice replica for a new performance in an advertisement or expressive work must obtain the individual's consent through a written agreement where the individual was represented by counsel and was at least 18 (or had court approval if a minor), or through a collective bargaining agreement.
US
Failed
No person or entity may distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available to the public a personalized cloning service without the consent of the individual whose voice or likeness rights are affected.
US
Failed
No person may commercially publish, display, distribute, transmit, or use an individual's voice or visual likeness in a digital replica without express consent from the right holder. Licenses must be in writing, signed, describe intended uses, and may not exceed 10 years during the individual's lifetime (5 years for minors, with court approval). Post-mortem rights survive for at least 10 years, renewable in 5-year increments up to 70 years, subject to registration with the Copyright Office.
US
Failed
No person may knowingly produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available a digital replica without consent of the right holder. Liability requires actual knowledge or willful avoidance of knowledge. Exclusions apply for news, documentary, commentary, criticism, satire, parody, fleeting use, and related advertisements — but no exclusion applies when the digital replica depicts sexually explicit conduct.
US
Failed
Providers of AI tools or services capable of producing digital replicas are shielded from secondary liability unless the product is primarily designed to produce unauthorized replicas, has only limited legitimate commercial use, or is marketed for use in producing unauthorized replicas.
US
Failed
No person or entity may produce, publish, reproduce, display, distribute, transmit, or otherwise make available a digital replica of an individual's voice or visual likeness without express consent from the individual or right holder. Licenses must be in writing, signed, and include a reasonably specific description of intended uses; living-individual licenses are capped at 10 years, and minor licenses at 5 years with court approval.
WI
Failed eff 2026-03-23
Any person must not create and post, publish, distribute, or exhibit a synthetic digital representation of an identifiable individual without that individual's consent with intent to coerce, harass, or intimidate (Class A misdemeanor). Exceptions apply for technology providers/developers, interactive computer services hosting third-party content, newsworthy content, content labeled with prescribed AI-generated disclosure text, and law enforcement acting in official duties.
WI
Failed eff 2026-03-23
Any person must not create and post, publish, distribute, or exhibit a synthetic digital representation of an identifiable individual without that individual's consent with intent to defraud, coerce, or intimidate for monetary gain (Class I felony).