Colorado · House Bill · Second Regular Session, Seventy-fifth General Assembly
HB1049
Colorado House Bill 26-1049 — Concerning Prohibiting the Use of Another Individual's Personally Identifying Feature Without Permission

Status ● Failed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood N/A

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Criminal prosecution (class 5 felony for unauthorized use; class 4 felony for use with intent to harm). Private right of action for any individual harmed by unlawful use. No designated agency enforcer for the civil action — the individual brings suit directly.
Private Right of Action
Private right of action for any individual harmed by unlawful use.
Penalties
An individual harmed may bring a civil action for damages and reasonable attorney fees. Unlawful use under subsection (2)(a) is itself a legally cognizable harm — no proof of actual damages is required to establish standing. An individual may claim any amount of damages. Criminal penalties: class 5 felony for unauthorized use without permission; class 4 felony for unauthorized use with intent to harm.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
C.R.S. § 18-5-906
Unlawful use of personally identifying features — civil action — exceptions — definitions
DeployerDeveloperPublisher

(1) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) "HarmHarm"Harm" means a physical, emotional, or financial harm.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(a)" means a physical, emotional, or financial harmHarm"Harm" means a physical, emotional, or financial harm.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(a). (b) "Personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b)" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template. (c) "UseUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c)" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.

(2)(a) 1 A person commits unlawful use of a personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) if the person usesUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) a personally identifying feature of an individual without permission.

(2)(b) 2 A person commits unlawful use of a personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) if the person usesUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) a personally identifying feature of an individual without permission to intentionally harmHarm"Harm" means a physical, emotional, or financial harm.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(a) the individual whose personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) is unlawfully used.

(3)(a)–(b) Unlawful use of a personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) in violation of subsection (2)(a) of this section is a class 5 felony. (b) Unlawful use of a personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) in violation of subsection (2)(b) of this section is a class 4 felony.

(4) An individual harmed in violation of this section may bring a civil action for damages and reasonable attorney fees. Unlawful useUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) pursuant to subsection (2)(a) of this section is a legally cognizable harmHarm"Harm" means a physical, emotional, or financial harm.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(a). An individual may include in their civil action a claim for any amount of damages.

(5)(a)–(c) This section does not apply to an image, video, voice recording, or other digital depiction distributed to the public in connection with a criminal investigation or taken by a person in the act of reporting or documenting criminal conduct. (b) This section does not apply to a city, county, city and county, or state government, or an employee thereof, in connection with an official act of the city, county, city and county, or state government, or an employee thereof in the performance of their official duties. (c) This section does not apply: (I) In connection with any news, public affairs, or sports broadcast or account; (II) For the purposes of comment, criticism, scholarship, satire, or parody; (III) To a representation of the individual whose personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) is being used as the individual's self in an audiovisual work, as defined pursuant to 17 U.S.C. sec. 101, unless the audiovisual work containing the useUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) is intended to create, and does create, the false impression that the work is an authentic recording in which the individual participated; (IV) To a fleeting or incidental use of a personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b); (V) To an advertisement or commercial announcement for an audiovisual work described in this subsection (5)(c); and (VI) To any other activity protected pursuant to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

This section creates the entire operative framework of the bill. Subsection (1) defines three key terms: harm, personally identifying feature, and use. Subsection (2) establishes two tiers of the criminal offense — unauthorized use without permission (class 5 felony) and unauthorized use with intent to harm (class 4 felony). Subsection (4) creates a private right of action, notably declaring that unauthorized use under (2)(a) is itself a legally cognizable harm, eliminating the need to prove actual damages. Subsection (5) carves out broad exceptions for criminal investigations, government official acts, news/sports/public affairs, commentary/criticism/satire/parody, authentic audiovisual work self-depictions, fleeting or incidental use, and First Amendment-protected activity.

The bill applies to any person — it does not define a specific covered entity type — and covers biometric features used in any digital depiction including deepfakes. The breadth of the prohibition is notable: unlike many state deepfake laws that require deceptive intent or target specific harmful uses, this bill criminalizes any unauthorized use of a personally identifying feature in any digital depiction.

Compliance actions 2 items
1
No person may useUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) another individual's personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) — fingerprint, voiceprint, retina or iris scan, or facial map/geometry/template — in an advertisement, deepfake, image, video, voice recording, or any other digital depiction without the individual's permission. Violation is a class 5 felony. Exceptions apply for: (1) content distributed in connection with a criminal investigation or reporting criminal conduct; (2) government official acts; (3) news, public affairs, or sports broadcasts; (4) comment, criticism, scholarship, satire, or parody; (5) authentic self-depiction in an audiovisual work (unless the work creates a false impression of authentic participation); (6) fleeting or incidental useUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c); (7) advertisements for exempt audiovisual works; and (8) any other First Amendment-protected activity.
CP-02.4
2
No person may useUse"Use" means to take, capture, create, include in, or be a part of: (I) An advertisement; (II) A deepfake, as defined in section 1-46-102; (III) An image; (IV) A video; (V) A voice recording; or (VI) Any other digital depiction.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(c) another individual's personally identifying featurePersonally identifying feature"Personally identifying feature" means an individual's: (I) Fingerprint; (II) Voiceprint; (III) Scan or record of their eye retina or iris; and (IV) Facial map, facial geometry, or facial template.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(b) — fingerprint, voiceprint, retina or iris scan, or facial map/geometry/template — in an advertisement, deepfake, image, video, voice recording, or any other digital depiction without permission and with the intent to harmHarm"Harm" means a physical, emotional, or financial harm.C.R.S. § 18-5-906(1)(a) the individual whose feature is used. Violation is a class 4 felony (elevated from class 5 for the base offense). The same exceptions apply as for the base offense.
CP-02.4

Passage Likelihood

Failed
Status Failed
Final action House Committee on State, Civic, Military, & Veterans Affairs Postpone Indefinitely

Legislative History

2026-01-14 Introduced In House - Assigned to State, Civic, Military, & Veterans Affairs
2026-02-02 House Committee on State, Civic, Military, & Veterans Affairs Witness Testimony and/or Committee Discussion Only
2026-02-12 House Committee on State, Civic, Military, & Veterans Affairs Postpone Indefinitely

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-19
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