Iowa · House File · 2026 Regular Session
HF2609
Iowa House File 2609 — An act relating to the use of synthetic media in campaign materials, and making penalties applicable

Status ● Engrossed Effective N/A Passage Likelihood H

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Enforcement is through the Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board, which is directed to adopt rules implementing the section. Penalties are made applicable under Iowa Code chapter 68A (campaign finance). No private right of action is created by this bill.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
The bill makes existing penalties under Iowa Code chapter 68A applicable but does not specify independent penalty amounts. The savings clause in subsection 3 preserves all other remedies under law for the publication of synthetic media.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Iowa Code § 68A.407
Synthetic media — disclosure in campaign materials
Publisher

(1)(a) "Person who is responsiblePerson who is responsible"Person who is responsible" means the person who pays for the publication or creation of published material. "Person who is responsible" does not mean a media or technology organization publishing, broadcasting, distributing, or hosting published material on behalf of another person.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(a)" means the person who pays for the publication or creation of published material. "Person who is responsiblePerson who is responsible"Person who is responsible" means the person who pays for the publication or creation of published material. "Person who is responsible" does not mean a media or technology organization publishing, broadcasting, distributing, or hosting published material on behalf of another person.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(a)" does not mean a media or technology organization publishing, broadcasting, distributing, or hosting published material on behalf of another person.

(1)(b)(1)–(2) "Synthetic mediaSynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b)" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. (2) "Synthetic mediaSynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b)" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.

(2) 1 Published material, as defined in section 68A.405, that contains synthetic mediaSynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b) must prominently include the words "THIS CONTENT GENERATED USING SYNTHETIC MEDIASynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b)". The person who is responsiblePerson who is responsible"Person who is responsible" means the person who pays for the publication or creation of published material. "Person who is responsible" does not mean a media or technology organization publishing, broadcasting, distributing, or hosting published material on behalf of another person.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(a) for the published material has the sole responsibility and liability for inclusion of the disclosure required by this subsection.

(3) The inclusion of the disclosure required by this section does not preclude a person from pursuing any other remedies under law for the publication of synthetic mediaSynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b).

(4) 2 The board shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to implement this section.

This new section establishes Iowa's first requirement for disclosure of synthetic media in campaign materials. The core obligation is straightforward: any published material (as defined in existing § 68A.405, covering campaign communications) that contains synthetic media must carry a prominent verbatim label. Liability falls exclusively on the person who pays for the material — media and technology intermediaries are expressly carved out.

The definition of synthetic media is notable for its reasonable-person standard: it covers digitally manipulated images, audio, or video that either realistically depict an individual or create a materially different impression from the original. A broad exclusion protects routine digital content tools — text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, and enhancement that does not impersonate — from triggering the disclosure requirement. A savings clause preserves all other legal remedies, and the Iowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure Board is directed to adopt implementing rules under chapter 17A.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
The person who pays for campaign published material containing synthetic mediaSynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b) must prominently include the verbatim disclosure THIS CONTENT GENERATED USING SYNTHETIC MEDIASynthetic media"Synthetic media" means an image, audio recording, or video recording of an individual's appearance, speech, or conduct that has been intentionally manipulated with the use of any form of digital technology in a manner to create a realistic but false image, audio recording, or video recording that produces any of the following: (a) A depiction of an individual in appearance, speech, or conduct that a reasonable individual would believe depicts a real individual. (b) A materially different understanding or impression than a reasonable individual would have from the unaltered, original version of the image, audio recording, or video recording. "Synthetic media" does not include content created using digital technology solely for text generation, grammar correction, spelling checks, stylistic editing, or enhancing existing content without creating a new impersonation of a human likeness or voice.Iowa Code § 68A.407(1)(b) on the material. Media and technology organizations that merely publish, broadcast, distribute, or host the material on behalf of another are exempt from this obligation.
CP-01.6

Passage Likelihood

High
Status Engrossed
Chamber Passed origin
Committee No action
Majority party (No data)
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2026-02-19 Introduced, placed on calendar. H.J. 345.
2026-02-26 Amendment H-8058 filed. H.J. 461.
2026-03-11 Fiscal note.
2026-03-12 Amendment H-8058 adopted. H.J. 640.
2026-03-12 Passed House, yeas 89, nays 2. H.J. 641.
2026-03-12 Immediate message. H.J. 666.
2026-03-16 Message from House. S.J. 575.
2026-03-16 Read first time, referred to State Government. S.J. 575.
2026-03-17 Subcommittee: Rozenboom, Schultz, and Winckler. S.J. 587.

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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