Massachusetts · Senate Bill · 194th General Court (2025–2026)
SB243
An Act requiring consumer notification for chatbot systems

Status ● Introduced Effective N/A Passage Likelihood M

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Enforced as an unfair and deceptive act or practice under Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A, § 2. The Attorney General may bring enforcement actions under ch. 93A. Private parties who suffer a loss of money or property may bring actions under ch. 93A, § 9 (consumers) or § 11 (businesses). No cure period is specified in this bill.
Private Right of Action
may bring enforcement actions under ch.
Penalties
By incorporating the violation into ch. 93A, § 2, the bill triggers the full ch. 93A remedy framework. Under § 9(3), consumers may recover actual damages or $25 (whichever is greater), and up to treble damages for willful or knowing violations. Under § 11, business plaintiffs may recover actual damages or treble damages for willful or knowing violations. Reasonable attorney's fees and costs are available under both § 9 and § 11. Injunctive relief is also available.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115
Disclosure of computerized communications
Deployer

(a) For the purposes of this section, the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise: "BotBot"Bot", an automated online account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a)", an automated onlineOnline"Online", appearing on any public-facing Internet website, web application or digital application, including a social network or publication.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a) account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation. "OnlineOnline"Online", appearing on any public-facing Internet website, web application or digital application, including a social network or publication.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a)", appearing on any public-facing Internet website, web application or digital application, including a social network or publication.

(b) 1 It is hereby declared to be an unfair and deceptive act or practice in violation of section 2 of chapter 93A for any person to engage in a commercial transaction or trade practice with a consumer of any kind in which the consumer is communicating or otherwise interacting with a botBot"Bot", an automated online account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a) that may mislead or deceive a reasonable person to believe they are engaging with a human, regardless of whether such consumer is in fact misled, deceived or damaged thereby; provided, however, that a person utilizing or deploying a botBot"Bot", an automated online account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a) shall not be liable under this section if the consumer is notified in a clear and conspicuous fashion that they are communicating with a computer rather than a human being.

Section 115 is the sole operative section of the bill. Subsection (a) defines two terms — Bot and Online — that scope the bill's coverage. Subsection (b) creates the substantive obligation by declaring it a ch. 93A unfair and deceptive trade practice for any person to engage in a commercial transaction or trade practice with a consumer through a bot that may mislead a reasonable person into thinking they are engaging with a human. Liability attaches regardless of whether the consumer was actually misled or damaged.

The safe harbor in subsection (b)'s proviso exempts persons who notify the consumer in a clear and conspicuous fashion that they are communicating with a computer rather than a human being. This effectively transforms the provision from an absolute prohibition into a disclosure obligation: deploy a bot in commerce, disclose its non-human nature, or face 93A liability.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
Any person utilizing or deploying a botBot"Bot", an automated online account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a) in a commercial transaction or trade practice must notify the consumer in a clear and conspicuous fashion that they are communicating with a computer rather than a human being. This obligation is triggered whenever the botBot"Bot", an automated online account wherein all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person including, but not limited to, a chatbot, artificial intelligence agent, avatar or other computer technology that engages in a textual or aural conversation.Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93, § 115(a) may mislead or deceive a reasonable person into believing they are engaging with a human, regardless of whether the consumer is actually misled or damaged. Failure to provide the notification constitutes an unfair and deceptive act or practice under ch. 93A.
T-01.1

Passage Likelihood

Medium
Status Introduced
Chamber No passage
Committee Passed
Majority party Yes
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2025-02-27 Referred to the Joint Committee on Consumer Protection and Professional Licensure
2025-02-27 House concurred
2025-09-19 Hearing scheduled for 10/01/2025 from 10:00 AM-01:00 PM in A-2
2025-09-29 Hearing rescheduled to 10/01/2025 from 10:00 AM-01:00 PM in B-2 and Virtual Hearing location changed
2025-11-19 Bill reported favorably by committee and referred to the committee on Senate Ways and Means

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
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