SB-452
MT · State · USA
MT
USA
● Failed
Effective Date
2025-10-01
Montana SB 452 — An Act Revising Laws Related to Artificial Intelligence; Requiring Disclosures of the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Manufacturers of Online Media; Requiring Artificial Intelligence Markers; Excluding Government Entities; and Providing Definitions
Requires manufacturers of publicly distributed online media in Montana that use AI to direct, control, or focus the information an individual can see to disclose the use of AI and provide an opt-out option. Requires all publicly distributed online media generated in whole or in part by AI to carry both human-perceptible identifiable markers and embedded machine-readable markers that persist even if the visible markers are removed. Governmental entities are exempt. The bill specifies no enforcement authority, penalties, or private right of action. It is intended to be codified under Title 30 (Trade and Commerce).
Summary

Requires manufacturers of publicly distributed online media in Montana that use AI to direct, control, or focus the information an individual can see to disclose the use of AI and provide an opt-out option. Requires all publicly distributed online media generated in whole or in part by AI to carry both human-perceptible identifiable markers and embedded machine-readable markers that persist even if the visible markers are removed. Governmental entities are exempt. The bill specifies no enforcement authority, penalties, or private right of action. It is intended to be codified under Title 30 (Trade and Commerce).

Enforcement & Penalties
Enforcement Authority
No enforcement authority is designated in the bill. No agency is assigned enforcement duties and no private right of action is created. The bill is intended to be codified as part of Title 30 (Trade and Commerce), so existing enforcement mechanisms under Title 30 could potentially apply, but no specific enforcement mechanism is stated.
Penalties
The bill specifies no penalties, damages, or remedies of any kind. Because it is codified under Title 30, general trade and commerce remedies under Montana law could theoretically apply, but no specific remedy is stated in the bill.
Who Is Covered
Compliance Obligations 3 obligations · click obligation ID to open requirement page
Other · Deployer · Social MediaContent Generation
Section 1(1)
Plain Language
Manufacturers of publicly distributed online media in Montana that use AI to curate, personalize, or filter the information shown to individual users must disclose that they are using AI for this purpose and must give each user the option to opt out of AI-driven content curation. Government entities are exempt. The bill does not specify the form, timing, or prominence of the disclosure, nor does it define what opting out entails operationally.
Statutory Text
Manufacturers of publicly distributed online media in the state that use an artificial intelligence system to direct, control, or focus the information any one individual can see, whether entirely or in part, shall disclose the use of the system and provide a user with the option to opt out.
T-02 AI Content Labeling & Provenance · T-02.1T-02.2 · DeveloperDeployer · Content Generation
Section 1(2)
Plain Language
All publicly distributed online media generated in whole or in part by AI must carry two layers of markers: (1) identifiable (human-perceptible) markers that alert users that AI was involved in generating the content, and (2) embedded (machine-readable or latent) markers that persist and allow detection of AI involvement even if the visible markers are removed. The definition of 'markers' is broad, encompassing visual marks, audio flaws, watermarks, content labels, bylines, disclaimers, and similar disclosures. Government entities are exempt. The bill does not specify which entity in the content creation or distribution chain bears this obligation — it applies to 'any publicly distributed online media,' creating ambiguity about whether the obligation falls on the creator, distributor, or platform.
Statutory Text
Any publicly distributed online media generated in whole or in part by artificial intelligence must contain identifiable markers that alert users to the use of artificial intelligence, as well as embedded markers that allow identification of the use of artificial intelligence should the original identifiable markers be deleted.
Other · Content GenerationSocial Media
Section 1(3)
Plain Language
Governmental entities as defined in Montana Code 2-17-551 are entirely exempt from all obligations in this section. This is a carve-out, not an independent compliance obligation.
Statutory Text
This section does not apply to a governmental entity, as defined in 2-17-551.