WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE
How Is This Bill Enforced
Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: (1) APPLICABLE FEDERAL ELECTIONapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1).—The term “applicable Federal electionapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1)” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession. (2) ELECTION OFFICIALelection officialThe term “election official” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal election, including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(2).—The term “election officialelection officialThe term “election official” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal election, including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(2)” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal electionapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1), including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers. (3) FALSE AI-GENERATED ELECTION MEDIAfalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3).—The term “false AI-generated election mediafalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3)” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal electionapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1); or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election officialelection officialThe term “election official” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal election, including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(2).
(b) 1 PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection (c), a person may not— (1) knowingly distribute false AI-generated election mediafalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3) described in subsection (a)(3)(B)(i) if such person— (A) knows such media contains materially false information described in such subsection; and (B) has the purpose of impeding or preventing another person from exercising the right to vote in an applicable Federal electionapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1); or (2) knowingly distribute false AI-generated election mediafalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3) described in subsection (a)(3)(B)(ii) if such person— (A) knows the depiction of the election officialelection officialThe term “election official” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal election, including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(2) in such media is materially false; and (B) has the intent to— (i) intimidate or harass an election officialelection officialThe term “election official” means any individual legally authorized to perform duties in connection with an applicable Federal election, including workers, volunteers, poll workers, and authorized poll observers.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(2); or (ii) deter another person from exercising the right to vote in an applicable Federal electionapplicable Federal electionThe term “applicable Federal election” means any general, primary, runoff, or special election held solely or in part for the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Commissioner from a Territory or possession.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(1).
(c) INAPPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN ENTITIES.—This section shall not apply to the following: (1) A radio or television broadcasting station, a cable or satellite television operator, programmer, or producer, or a streaming service that broadcasts false AI-generated election mediafalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3) prohibited by this section as part of a bona fide newscast, news interview, news documentary, or on-the-spot coverage of bona fide news events, if the broadcast clearly acknowledges through content or a disclosure, in a manner that can be easily heard or read by the average listener or viewer, that the information contained in the media and described in subsection (a)(3)(B) is false. (2) A regularly published newspaper, magazine, or other periodical of general circulation, including an internet or electronic publication, that routinely carries news and commentary of general interest, and that publishes false AI-generated election mediafalse AI-generated election mediaThe term “false AI-generated election media” means text, image, audio, or video that— (A) is the product of a computational process that uses machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence techniques, or other computational processing techniques of similar or greater complexity; and (B) either— (i) contains materially false information relating to— (I) the time, place, or manner of holding any applicable Federal election; or (II) the qualifications for or restrictions on voter eligibility for any such election; or (ii) falsely depicts an election official.FAIR Elections Act § 2(a)(3) prohibited under this section, if the publication clearly states that the information contained in the media and described in subsection (a)(3)(B) is false.
(d) ENFORCEMENT.—The Attorney General may bring a civil action against any person who violates subsection (b) in an appropriate United States District Court for such declaratory and injunctive relief (including a temporary restraining order, a permanent or temporary injunction, or other order).
Section 2 is the only AI-specific provision in the bill. It defines false AI-generated election media as AI-produced text, image, audio, or video that either carries materially false information about the time, place, or manner of a federal election or about voter eligibility, or that falsely depicts an election official.
The operative prohibition bars any person from knowingly distributing such media, but only where the person both knows the content is false and acts with a prohibited intent — either to impede or prevent another person from voting, or to intimidate or harass an election official. Bona fide news broadcasters and periodicals that clearly disclose the media's falsity are exempt. Enforcement runs exclusively through the Attorney General, who may seek declaratory and injunctive relief; there is no private cause of action and no monetary penalty attached to this prohibition.
(a) “(a) IN GENERAL.—A State may not remove the name of any registrant from the official list of voters eligible to vote in elections for Federal office or take any action with respect to a voter eligibility challenge unless the registrant or voter is determined to be ineligible to vote based on— “(1) source information received from governmental entities and obtained by such entities in the course of carrying out official actions or duties; and “(2) source information approved by the Attorney General as sufficient to protect the integrity and completeness of voter registration lists.
(b) “(b) APPROVAL OF VOTER INFORMATION DATA.— “(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the members of the Election Assistance Commission, may approve source information under subsection (a)(2) if such information meets the following requirements: “(A) The source information contains qualifying data sets that allow the State to match the individual identified by the source information with an individual on the official list of voters eligible to vote in elections for Federal office. “(B) The source information is updated not less than monthly. “(C) The source information was not obtained in violation of section 1030 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the ‘Computer Fraud and Abuse Act’). “(2) QUALIFYING DATA SETS.—For purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term ‘qualifying data sets’ means the following sets of data with respect to an individual: “(A) Last name, first name, and full social security number. “(B) Last name, first name, and driver’s license or other unique identifying number assigned by the State. “(C) Last name, first name, last four digits of a social security number, and date of birth. “(D) Last name, full social security number, and date of birth.
(c) “(c) COORDINATION WITH OTHER METHODS.—Nothing in this section be construed to preclude— “(1) the removal of names from official lists of voters on a basis described in paragraph (3)(A), (3)(B), or (4)(A) of section 8(a); “(2) the removal of names from official lists of voters on a basis described in section 8(c); or “(3) correction of registration records pursuant to this Act.”.
(b) [conforming] CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 8(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (3), by striking “provide” and inserting “subject to section 8A, provide”; and (2) in paragraph (4), by striking “conduct” and inserting “subject to section 8A, conduct”.
Section 3 amends the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 to add a new Section 8A restricting how states may remove voters from official rolls, limiting removals to determinations based on verified government source information or source information approved by the Attorney General. It sets requirements for approved data (qualifying data sets, monthly updates, no Computer Fraud and Abuse Act violations) and coordinates with existing removal methods.
These provisions concern voter-roll data integrity and election administration and do not regulate AI systems, AI-generated content, or automated decision-making. They are retained here for completeness but impose no AI-specific compliance obligation.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Government shall not compare any information held by the Federal Government with respect to an individual against information held by a State or local government with respect to such person for purpose of eligibility to vote in elections for Federal office.
(b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.—A person who is aggrieved by a violation of this section may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for such declaratory or injunctive relief as may be necessary to carry out this section.
Section 4 bars the Federal Government from comparing federally held information about an individual against state or local information for purposes of determining eligibility to vote in federal elections, and creates a private right of action for aggrieved persons to seek declaratory or injunctive relief. This provision concerns federal data-matching in election administration and does not regulate AI systems or automated decision-making. It is retained for completeness but imposes no AI-specific obligation.
(a)-(b) STUDY.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the effect of the use of Federal databases, including the Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (“SAVE”) system of the Department of Homeland Security, for purposes of removing the names of individuals from the official list of eligible voters in elections for Federal office. (2) MATTERS STUDIED.—The study conducted under paragraph (1) shall study— (A) whether such uses suppresses the right to vote; (B) the accuracy of the process for identifying individuals who are not eligible to vote in elections for Federal office; and (C) the number of instances in which such processes have incorrectly removed an eligible individual from the official list of eligible voters in each State. (b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate and the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).
Section 5 directs the Comptroller General to study the effect of federal databases (including the SAVE system) on removing individuals from voter lists, and to report within 180 days of enactment. This is a study-and-report provision concerning election administration and imposes no AI-specific compliance obligation.
If any provision of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected.
Section 6 is a standard severability clause providing that if any provision or application is held invalid, the remainder of the Act is unaffected. It imposes no compliance obligation.