Virginia · House Bill · 2026 Session
HB581
Virginia HB 581 — An Act to amend and reenact § 8.01-40 of the Code of Virginia, relating to unauthorized use of voice or likeness; punitive damages; statute of limitations (Chapter 629)

Status ● Enacted Effective Jul 1, 2026 Passage Likelihood N/A

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 1 REQUIREMENT TYPE

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Private right of action. Any person whose name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness is used without written consent for advertising or trade purposes may bring suit in equity for injunctive relief and sue for damages. No designated agency enforcer.
Private Right of Action
Private right of action.
Penalties
Plaintiff may recover actual damages for injuries sustained by reason of the unauthorized use. Punitive damages are available at the jury's discretion if the defendant knowingly used the person's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness in a manner forbidden by the chapter. Injunctive relief (suit in equity) is also available to prevent and restrain the unauthorized use.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Va. Code § 8.01-40
Unauthorized use of name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness
DeployerDeveloperPublisher

A 1 Any person whose name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness is used without having first obtained the written consent of such person, or if dead, of the surviving consort and if none, of the next of kin, or if a minor, the written consent of his or her parent or guardian, for advertising purposes or for the purposes of trade, such persons may maintain a suit in equity against the person, firm, or corporation so using such person's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness to prevent and restrain the use thereof; and may also sue and recover damages for any injuries sustained by reason of such use. And if the defendant shall have knowingly used such person's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness in such manner as is forbidden or declared to be unlawful by this chapter, the jury, in its discretion, may award punitive damages.

B No action shall be commenced under this section more than 20 years after the death of such person.

This section amends Virginia's existing right of publicity statute to add voice and likeness to the categories of personal attributes protected from unauthorized commercial use. Previously, only a person's name, portrait, or picture were covered. The amendment ensures that AI-generated voice clones, digital likenesses, and similar synthetic reproductions fall within the statute's scope.

The operative structure remains the same: any person (or, if deceased, surviving consort, next of kin, or guardian for minors) whose protected attributes are used without written consent for advertising or trade purposes may seek injunctive relief and actual damages. Punitive damages are available at the jury's discretion when the defendant knowingly engaged in the prohibited use. The post-mortem statute of limitations is set at 20 years after the person's death.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
No person, firm, or corporation may use an individual's name, portrait, picture, voice, or likeness — including AI-generated reproductions — for advertising or trade purposes without first obtaining the written consent of that individual (or surviving consort, next of kin, or parent/guardian if deceased or a minor).
CP-02.4

Passage Likelihood

Enacted
Status Enacted

Legislative History

2026-01-13 Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26103196D
2026-01-13 Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
2026-01-29 Assigned HCJ sub: Civil
2026-02-02 Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (9-Y 0-N)
2026-02-04 Committee substitute printed 26106977D-H1
2026-02-04 Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute (22-Y 0-N)
2026-02-06 Read first time
2026-02-09 Read second time
2026-02-09 committee substitute agreed to
2026-02-09 Engrossed by House - committee substitute
2026-02-10 Read third time and passed House (98-Y 0-N 0-A)
2026-02-11 Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)
2026-02-11 Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice
2026-02-16 Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB581)
2026-02-18 Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (13-Y 0-N)
2026-02-19 Committee substitute printed 26108207D-S1
2026-02-23 Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB581)
2026-03-04 Reported from Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)
2026-03-05 Rules suspended
2026-03-05 Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A)
2026-03-05 Passed by for the day (Voice Vote)
2026-03-06 Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)
2026-03-09 Read third time
2026-03-09 Courts of Justice Substitute agreed to
2026-03-09 Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute
2026-03-09 Passed Senate with substitute Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A)
2026-03-11 Senate substitute agreed to by House (96-Y 0-N 0-A)
2026-03-30 Enrolled
2026-03-30 Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB581ER)
2026-03-30 Signed by President
2026-03-31 Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB581)
2026-03-31 Signed by Speaker
2026-03-31 Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 31, 2026
2026-03-31 Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026
2026-04-13 Approved by Governor-Chapter 629 (effective 7/1/2026)
2026-04-13 Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0629)

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-16
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