Hawaii · Senate Bill · Thirty-Third Legislature, 2026
SB3001
Hawaii SB 3001 — Artificial Intelligence Disclosure and Safety Act

Status ● Enrolled Effective Jul 1, 2027 Passage Likelihood H

WHAT THIS BILL REGULATES · 6 REQUIREMENT TYPES

How Is This Bill Enforced

Enforcement Authority
Attorney general enforcement. The attorney general may bring a civil action for violations. No private right of action — the statute expressly disclaims one. Violations are also treated as unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Chapter 480.
Private Right of Action
No private right of action. Enforcement is exclusive to the designated authority.
Penalties
Greater of actual damages or $1,000 per violation, capped at $1,000,000 per operator. Injunctive relief and reasonable attorneys' fees and costs are also available. Violations are unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Chapter 480, which may provide additional remedies.

What This Bill Requires

Verbatim statutory text on the left; plain-language analysis and a per-section checklist on the right. Numbered markers cross-link to the matching checklist row.

Statutory Text
Analysis & Obligations
Section 1
Short title

This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) Disclosure and Safety Act".

Establishes the short title of the Act as the "Artificial Intelligence Disclosure and Safety Act." This section is purely declaratory and creates no compliance obligation.

§481B- (a)
AI identity disclosure — general
Deployer

(a) 1 If a reasonable person interacting with a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) would be led to believe that the person is interacting with a human, an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall issue a clear and conspicuous notification indicating that the service is artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) and not human.

Subsection (a) imposes a conditional AI identity disclosure obligation on operators of conversational AI services. The trigger is a reasonable-person standard: if a reasonable person interacting with the service would be led to believe they are interacting with a human, the operator must issue a clear and conspicuous notification that the service is AI and not human. This mirrors the California SB 243 approach but applies to all conversational AI services rather than only companion chatbots.

Compliance actions 1 item
1
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must display a clear and conspicuous notification that the conversational AI service is artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) and not human whenever a reasonable person interacting with the service would be led to believe they are interacting with a human.
T-01.1
§481B- (b)
AI identity disclosure — minors
Deployer

(b) 2 If an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) has actual knowledge or reasonable certainty that an account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) or user is a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k), the operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall clearly and conspicuously disclose to the minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) or user that they are interacting with artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k): (1) As a persistent visible disclaimer; or (2) Both: (A) At the beginning of each session; and (B) Appearing at least every three hours in a continuous conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) interaction that reminds the user to take a break from the chat and that the conversation is artificially generated and not human.

Subsection (b) imposes heightened AI identity disclosure requirements when an operator has actual knowledge or reasonable certainty that the user is a minor. Unlike subsection (a), the disclosure here is unconditional — no reasonable-person test applies. The operator must either use a persistent visible disclaimer or provide both a session-start disclosure and a recurring reminder at least every three hours during continuous interactions, with a take-a-break prompt. This tracks the California SB 243 minor-disclosure structure closely.

Compliance actions 1 item
2
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must, for any user known or reasonably certain to be a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k), disclose that the user is interacting with AI — either as a persistent visible disclaimer, or at the start of each session plus at least every three hours with a take-a-break reminder stating the conversation is artificially generated and not human.
T-01.1
§481B- (c)
Crisis intervention and safety protocols
Deployer

(c)(1)–(2) 3 An operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall: (1) Adopt a protocol for the conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) to respond to user prompts regarding suicidal ideation or self-harm that includes but is not limited to making reasonable efforts to provide a response to the user that refers them to crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) service providers such as a suicide hotline, crisis text line, or other appropriate crisis services; (2) Use evidence-based methods for measuring suicidal ideation;

(c)(3) 4 Not knowingly or intentionally cause or program a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) to make any representation or statement that explicitly indicates that the service is designed to provide professional mental or behavioral health care;

(c)(4) 5 Institute reasonable measures to prevent the conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) from making any representation or statement that would lead a reasonable person to believe that they are interacting with a human where the user is seeking or receiving crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) services for self-harm or suicide.

Subsection (c) imposes four distinct safety obligations on all operators, not limited to minor users. Paragraph (1) requires adoption of a crisis intervention protocol covering suicidal ideation and self-harm, including crisis service provider referrals. Paragraph (2) mandates evidence-based methods for measuring suicidal ideation. Paragraph (3) prohibits the service from representing itself as providing professional mental or behavioral health care. Paragraph (4) requires reasonable measures to prevent the service from appearing human during crisis intervention interactions. These obligations operate as continuous prerequisites — the service may not engage with users unless these protocols are in place.

Compliance actions 3 items
3
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must adopt a crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) protocol for the conversational AI service to respond to user prompts regarding suicidal ideation or self-harm, including referring users to crisis service providers such as a suicide hotline or crisis text line, and must use evidence-based methods for measuring suicidal ideation.
S-04.1
4
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must not knowingly or intentionally cause or program a conversational AI service to make any representation or statement that explicitly indicates the service is designed to provide professional mental or behavioral health care.
CP-01.9
5
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must institute reasonable measures to prevent the conversational AI service from making any representation or statement that would lead a reasonable person to believe they are interacting with a human when the user is seeking or receiving crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) services for self-harm or suicide.
T-01.1
§481B- (d)
Minor-specific protections
Deployer

(d)(1) 6 Where an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) knows or has reasonable certainty that an account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) or user is a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k), an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall: (1) Not provide the user with points or similar rewards at unpredictable intervals with the intent to encourage increased engagement with the conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k);

(d)(2) 7 Institute reasonable measures to prevent the conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) from: (A) Producing visual material of sexually explicit conductSexually explicit conduct"Sexually explicit conduct" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256.§481B-(k); (B) Generating direct statements that the account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) should engage in sexually explicit conductSexually explicit conduct"Sexually explicit conduct" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256.§481B-(k); or (C) Generating statements that sexually objectifySexually objectify"Sexually objectify" means to make sexual comments directed at the account holder's or user's body or appearance.§481B-(k) the account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k);

(d)(3) 8 Offer tools to manage the minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k)'s privacy and account settings; provided that the operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall also make the tools required by this paragraph available to the parent or guardian of a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k), as appropriate based on relevant risks;

(d)(4)–(5) 9 Limit the collection, use, and retention of a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s personal data to what is reasonably necessary to operate the conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) and ensure safety and security; (5) Use heightened data minimization and security safeguards in relation to a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s sensitive dataSensitive data"Sensitive data" means personal data that reveals or infers a mental or emotional state, health information, biometric identifiers, or other information used for psychological profiling or emotional analysis.§481B-(k);

(d)(6) 10 Not use a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s personal data for targeted advertising;

(d)(7) 11 Not profile minorsMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) for engagement optimization or behavioral manipulation.

Subsection (d) imposes seven minor-specific obligations on operators who know or have reasonable certainty that a user is a minor. The protections span manipulative engagement (prohibition on variable-reward mechanics), sexually explicit content safeguards, privacy and account management tools for minors and parents, data minimization, heightened sensitive-data protections, a prohibition on targeted advertising to minors, and a prohibition on profiling minors for engagement optimization or behavioral manipulation. These obligations are triggered by actual knowledge or reasonable certainty of the user's minor status, matching the knowledge standard in subsection (b).

Compliance actions 6 items
6
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must not provide minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) users with points or similar rewards at unpredictable intervals with the intent to encourage increased engagement with the conversational AI service.
MN-01.4
7
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must institute reasonable measures to prevent the conversational AI service from producing visual material of sexually explicit conductSexually explicit conduct"Sexually explicit conduct" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256.§481B-(k), generating direct statements that a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) should engage in sexually explicit conductSexually explicit conduct"Sexually explicit conduct" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256.§481B-(k), or generating statements that sexually objectifySexually objectify"Sexually objectify" means to make sexual comments directed at the account holder's or user's body or appearance.§481B-(k) the minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k).
MN-01.5
8
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must offer tools for minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) account holdersAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) and their parents or guardians to manage privacy and account settings.
MN-01.3
9
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must limit the collection, use, and retention of a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s personal data to what is reasonably necessary to operate the conversational AI service and ensure safety and security, and must use heightened data minimization and security safeguards for a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s sensitive dataSensitive data"Sensitive data" means personal data that reveals or infers a mental or emotional state, health information, biometric identifiers, or other information used for psychological profiling or emotional analysis.§481B-(k).
D-01.4
10
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must not use a minorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)'s personal data for targeted advertising.
MN-01.7
11
OperatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must not profile minorsMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k) for engagement optimization or behavioral manipulation.
CP-01.1
§481B- (e)
Annual reporting to DCCA
Deployer

(e) 12 Beginning January 1, 2028, an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) shall submit to the department of commerce and consumer affairs an annual report that includes: (1) The number of times an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) has issued a crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) service provider referral in the preceding calendar year; (2) Protocols put in place to detect, remove, and respond to instances of suicidal ideation by users; and (3) Protocols put in place to prohibit a chatbot response about suicidal ideation or actions with the user; provided that the report shall include only the information listed in this subsection and shall not include any identifiers or personal information about users.

Subsection (e) requires operators to submit annual reports to the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs beginning January 1, 2028. Reports must contain crisis referral counts, suicidal ideation detection and response protocols, and protocols prohibiting chatbot responses about suicidal ideation or actions with the user. The report must not include user identifiers or personal information. This is a routine operational reporting obligation distinct from incident-triggered reporting.

Compliance actions 1 item
12
Beginning January 1, 2028, operatorsOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) must submit an annual report to the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs containing (1) the number of crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k) referrals issued in the preceding calendar year, (2) protocols for detecting and responding to suicidal ideation, and (3) protocols for prohibiting chatbot responses about suicidal ideation or actions. Reports must not include user identifiers or personal information.
R-03.1
§481B- (f)–(j)
Enforcement, liability limitations, and savings clause

(f) Any violation of this section shall be considered an unfair or deceptive act or practice under chapter 480.

(g) The attorney general may bring an action based on a violation of this section to recover all of the following relief: (1) Injunctive relief; (2) Damages in an amount equal to the greater of: (A) Actual damages; or (B) A civil penalty of $1,000 per violation; provided that damages awarded under this subparagraph shall not exceed $1,000,000 per operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k); and (3) Reasonable attorneys' fees and costs.

(h) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as creating a private right of action to enforce this section or to support a private right of action under any other law.

(i) This section shall not create liability for the developer of an artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) model for any violation of this section by an artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) system developed by a third party to provide a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k).

(j) The duties, remedies, and obligations imposed by this section are cumulative to the duties, remedies, or obligations imposed under other law and shall not be construed to relieve an operatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k) from any duties, remedies, or obligations imposed under any other law.

Subsections (f) through (j) establish the enforcement framework and scope limitations. Subsection (f) designates violations as unfair or deceptive acts or practices under Chapter 480. Subsection (g) authorizes the attorney general to bring civil actions for injunctive relief, damages (greater of actual damages or $1,000 per violation capped at $1,000,000 per operator), and attorneys' fees. Subsection (h) expressly disclaims any private right of action. Subsection (i) shields AI model developers from liability for violations committed by third-party operators using their models. Subsection (j) is a cumulative-remedies savings clause preserving other applicable law.

§481B- (k)
Definitions

(k) For the purposes of this section: "Account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k)" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k). "Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k)" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments. "Conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k)" or "service" means an artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence"Artificial intelligence" means an engineered or machine‑based system that varies in its level of autonomy and that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from the input it receives how to generate outputs that can influence physical or virtual environments.§481B-(k) software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k)" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k); (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes. "Crisis interventionCrisis intervention"Crisis intervention" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide.§481B-(k)" means communication intended to provide immediate support or assistance in response to a user seeking help for, referencing, or expressing self-harm, suicidal ideation, or suicide. "MinorMinor"Minor" means any person under eighteen years of age.§481B-(k)" means any person under eighteen years of age. "OperatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k)" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k) to the public. "OperatorOperator"Operator" means a person who develops or makes available a conversational artificial intelligence service to the public. "Operator" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k)" does not include mobile application stores or search engines solely because the mobile application store or search engine provides access to a conversational artificial intelligence serviceConversational artificial intelligence service"Conversational artificial intelligence service" or "service" means an artificial intelligence software application, web interface, or computer program that is accessible to the general public that primarily simulates human conversation and interaction through textual, visual, or aural communications. "Conversational artificial intelligence service" does not include an application, web interface, or computer program that: (1) Is primarily designed and marketed for use by developers or researchers; (2) Is a feature within another software application, web interface, or computer program that is not a conversational artificial intelligence service; (3) Is designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and discrete topic; (4) Is primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by business entities; (5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or voice-activated virtual assistant for a consumer electronic device; or (6) Is used by a business solely for internal purposes.§481B-(k). "Sensitive dataSensitive data"Sensitive data" means personal data that reveals or infers a mental or emotional state, health information, biometric identifiers, or other information used for psychological profiling or emotional analysis.§481B-(k)" means personal data that reveals or infers a mental or emotional state, health information, biometric identifiers, or other information used for psychological profiling or emotional analysis. "Sexually explicit conductSexually explicit conduct"Sexually explicit conduct" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256.§481B-(k)" has the same meaning as defined in title 18 United States Code section 2256. "Sexually objectifySexually objectify"Sexually objectify" means to make sexual comments directed at the account holder's or user's body or appearance.§481B-(k)" means to make sexual comments directed at the account holderAccount holder"Account holder" or "user" means a person who has or generates an account or profile to use a conversational artificial intelligence service.§481B-(k)'s or user's body or appearance.

Subsection (k) provides definitions for all key terms used throughout the section. The definitions are captured in the top-level definitions object. No independent compliance obligation arises from this subsection.

Section 3
Severability

If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are severable.

Standard severability clause. If any provision of the Act is held invalid, the remainder continues in effect. No compliance obligation is created.

Section 4
Savings clause

This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before its effective date.

Standard savings clause. The Act does not affect rights, duties, penalties, or proceedings that matured or began before the effective date. No compliance obligation is created.

Section 6
Effective date

This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2050; provided that section 2 shall take effect on July 1, 2027.

The Act takes effect July 1, 2050, but section 2 (the substantive new statutory section) takes effect July 1, 2027. The July 1, 2050 date for the overall Act appears designed to ensure the Act as a whole does not go into effect before the operative section is ready, while section 2's earlier date establishes the compliance deadline for all substantive obligations.

Passage Likelihood

High
Status Enrolled
Chamber Passed both
Committee No action
Majority party (No data)
Bipartisan No
Prior session None

Legislative History

2026-01-23 Introduced.
2026-01-26 Passed First Reading.
2026-01-30 Referred to CPN/LBT, JDC.
2026-02-05 The committee(s) on CPN/LBT has scheduled a public hearing on 02-10-26 9:28AM; Conference Room 229 & Videoconference.
2026-02-10 The committee(s) on CPN recommend(s) that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes in CPN were as follows: 3 Aye(s): Senator(s) Keohokalole, Fukunaga, Awa; Aye(s) with reservations: none ; 0 No(es): none; and 2 Excused: Senator(s) Lamosao, McKelvey.
2026-02-10 The committee(s) on LBT recommend(s) that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes in LBT were as follows: 3 Aye(s): Senator(s) Elefante, Moriwaki, Fevella; Aye(s) with reservations: none ; 0 No(es): none; and 2 Excused: Senator(s) Lamosao, Ihara.
2026-02-19 Reported from CPN/LBT (Stand. Com. Rep. No. 2388) with recommendation of passage on Second Reading, as amended (SD 1) and referral to JDC.
2026-02-19 Report adopted; Passed Second Reading, as amended (SD 1) and referred to JDC.
2026-02-24 The committee(s) on JDC will hold a public decision making on 03-04-26 9:40AM; Conference Room 016 & Videoconference.
2026-03-04 The committee(s) on JDC recommend(s) that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes in JDC were as follows: 5 Aye(s): Senator(s) Rhoads, Gabbard, Chang, San Buenaventura, Awa; Aye(s) with reservations: none ; 0 No(es): none; and 0 Excused: none.
2026-03-06 Reported from JDC (Stand. Com. Rep. No. 3078) with recommendation of passage on Third Reading, as amended (SD 2).
2026-03-06 48 Hrs. Notice 03-10-26.
2026-03-10 Report adopted; Passed Third Reading, as amended (SD 2). Ayes, 25; Aye(s) with reservations: none . Noes, 0 (none). Excused, 0 (none). Transmitted to House.
2026-03-10 Received from Senate (Sen. Com. No. 338) in amended form (SD 2).
2026-03-12 Pass First Reading
2026-03-12 Referred to ECD, CPC, JHA, referral sheet 17
2026-03-12 Bill scheduled to be heard by ECD on Wednesday, 03-18-26 8:30AM in House conference room 423 VIA VIDEOCONFERENCE.
2026-03-18 The committee on ECD recommend that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes were as follows: 6 Ayes: Representative(s) Ilagan, Hussey, Tam, Templo, Yamashita, Gedeon; Ayes with reservations: none; Noes: none; and Excused: none.
2026-03-20 Reported from ECD (Stand. Com. Rep. No. 1269-26) as amended in HD 1, recommending passage on Second Reading and referral to CPC.
2026-03-20 Passed Second Reading as amended in HD 1 and referred to the committee(s) on CPC with none voting aye with reservations; none voting no (0) and Representative(s) Quinlan excused (1).
2026-03-20 Bill scheduled to be heard by CPC on Tuesday, 03-24-26 2:00PM in House conference room 329 VIA VIDEOCONFERENCE.
2026-03-24 The committee on CPC recommend that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes were as follows: 11 Ayes: Representative(s) Matayoshi, Grandinetti, Chun, Ilagan, Ichiyama, Iwamoto, Kong, Lowen, Marten, Tam, Pierick; Ayes with reservations: none; Noes: none; and Excused: none.
2026-03-30 Reported from CPC (Stand. Com. Rep. No. 1484-26) as amended in HD 2, recommending referral to JHA.
2026-03-30 Report adopted; referred to the committee(s) on JHA as amended in HD 2 with none voting aye with reservations; none voting no (0) and Representative(s) Cochran, Lowen, Perruso, Quinlan excused (4).
2026-03-30 Bill scheduled to be heard by JHA on Wednesday, 04-01-26 2:00PM in House conference room 325 VIA VIDEOCONFERENCE.
2026-04-01 The committee on JHA recommend that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes were as follows: 8 Ayes: Representative(s) Tarnas, Poepoe, Belatti, Kahaloa, Takayama; Ayes with reservations: Representative(s) Cochran, Garcia, Shimizu; 0 Noes: none; and 2 Excused: Representative(s) Hashem, Sayama.
2026-04-08 Reported from JHA (Stand. Com. Rep. No. 1829-26) as amended in HD 3, recommending passage on Third Reading.
2026-04-08 Forty-eight (48) hours notice Friday, 04-10-26.
2026-04-10 Deferred one day 04-14-26.
2026-04-14 Passed Third Reading as amended in HD 3 with Representative(s) Cochran, Garcia, Shimizu voting aye with reservations; none voting no (0) and none excused (0). Transmitted to Senate.
2026-04-16 Received from House (Hse. Com. No. 725).
2026-04-16 Senate disagrees with House amendments.
2026-04-16 Received notice of disagreement (Sen. Com. No. 710).
2026-04-20 House Conferees Appointed: Ilagan, Matayoshi, Tarnas Co-Chairs; Tam, Gedeon.
2026-04-20 Received notice of appointment of House conferees (Hse. Com. No. 787).
2026-04-22 Re-referred to CPC, ECD, JHA, referral sheet 32
2026-04-22 House Conferees Changed: Representative Matayoshi added as lead Co-Chair.
2026-04-22 Senate Conferees Appointed: Keohokalole Chair; Elefante, Rhoads Co-Chairs; McKelvey, Awa.
2026-04-22 Received notice of Senate conferees (Sen. Com. No. 723).
2026-04-23 Received notice of change in conferees (Hse. Com. No. 812).
2026-04-23 Conference committee meeting scheduled for 04-24-26 3:30PM; Conference Room 224.
2026-04-24 Conference committee meeting to reconvene on 04-27-26 2:40PM; CR 224.
2026-04-27 Conference committee meeting to reconvene on 04-28-26 2:40PM; Conference Room 224.
2026-04-28 Conference committee meeting to reconvene on 04-29-26 2:40PM; CR 224.
2026-04-29 The Conference committee recommends that the measure be PASSED, WITH AMENDMENTS. The votes of the Senate Conference Managers were as follows: 4 Aye(s): Senator(s) Keohokalole, Elefante, Rhoads, McKelvey; Aye(s) with reservations: none ; 0 No(es): none; and 1 Excused: Senator(s) Awa.
2026-04-29 The Conference Committee recommends that the measure be Passed, with Amendments. The votes were as follows: 5 Ayes: Representative(s) Matayoshi, Ilagan, Tarnas, Tam, Gedeon; Ayes with reservations: none; 0 Noes: none; and 0 Excused: none.
2026-04-29 Reported from Conference Committee as amended CD 1 (Conf. Com. Rep. No. 95-26).
2026-04-29 48 Hrs. Notice (as amended CD 1) 05-06-26.
2026-04-29 Reported from Conference Committee (Conf Com. Rep. No. 95-26) as amended in (CD 1).
2026-04-29 Forty-eight (48) hours notice Wednesday, 05-06-26.
2026-05-06 Passed Final Reading, as amended (CD 1). Ayes, 25; Aye(s) with reservations: none. Noes, 0 (none). Excused, 0 (none).
2026-05-06 Passed Final Reading as amended in CD 1 with none voting aye with reservations; none voting no (0) and none excused (0).
2026-05-06 Received notice of Final Reading (Sen. Com. No. 816).
2026-05-08 Received notice of passage on Final Reading in House (Hse. Com. No. 888).
2026-05-08 Enrolled to Governor.

Entry Last Reviewed

2026-05-20
AI generated